As per this diagram a point charge +q is placed at the origin O. Work done in taking another point charge - Q from the point A [co-ordinates (0, a)] to another point B [co-ordinates (a, 0)] along the straight path AB is :
A
zero
B
((-qQ/4πε0)(1/a2)) √2a
C
((qQ/4πε0)(1/a2)) . a/√2
D
((qQ/4πε0)(1/a2)) √2a
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
The work done in moving a charge −Q from point A to point B in the presence of a charge +q at the origin can be calculated using the formula for the electric potential energy between two charges, U=4πϵ01rqQ. The work done is the difference in potential energy between the final and initial positions. At point A, the distance from +q is a, and at point B, the distance from +q is also a. However, since the path from A to B is along the straight line, we consider the component of the force along this path. The electric field due to +q at any point is E=4πϵ01r2qr^. The force on −Q is F=−QE. The work done in moving −Q from A to B along the straight path is the integral of the force component along the path. Since the path is at a 45∘ angle to the axes, and considering the symmetry, the work done can be related to the potential energy difference. However, given the charges are of opposite sign, the force is attractive, and moving −Q from A to B actually decreases the potential energy. The correct formula involves the distance and the charges, but given the path is not radial, we consider the projection of the force along the path. The work done W=∫F⋅dr, which for a path at 45∘ to the axes and considering the electric field's direction, simplifies to W=4πϵ0qQ⋅a21⋅a2, because the effective distance over which the force acts along the path AB is a2 (the length of the path) and the force's component along this path is considered. Thus, W=4πϵ0qQ⋅a22a=4πϵ0aqQ2, which matches option D.
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As per this diagram a point charge +q is placed at the origin O. Work done in taking another point charge - Q from the point A [co-ordinates (0, a)] to another point B [co-ordinates (a, 0)] along the straight path AB is :