Economic reforms initiated in India since 1991 are leading to which of the following spatial and socioeconomic outcomes?
(i) Concentration of economic activities.
(ii) Widening gaps between rich and poor people.
(iii) Higher growth rate of metropolitan areas.
(iv) Low-cost access to urban amenities and services for all.
- Ai and ii are correct.
- Bi, ii and iii are correct.
- Ci and iv are correct.
- Di, iii and iv are correct.
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Post-1991 liberalized economic reforms have led to the concentration of economic activities in advanced clusters, widening income inequality, and disproportionate growth in metropolitan centers. Conversely, market-driven mechanisms have often increased the cost of urban amenities rather than providing low-cost access across the board, making statements (i), (ii), and (iii) correct.