Given

Statement I: Atoms consist of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. So, Statement I is correct.Statement II: While atoms emit characteristic spectra when excited, not all atoms of each element are "stable" (e.g., radioactive isotopes). Furthermore, the stability and emission are separate properties. An atom in its ground state is stable but does not emit a spectrum; it only emits when returning from an excited state. More importantly, Statement II implies all atoms are stable, which is factually incorrect due to radioactivity.Thus, Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect.