If an image is rotated $450$ degrees clockwise, which basic rotational transformation produces the exact same visual orientation effect?

A complete rotation in a circle is $360^{\circ }$. Any rotation value can be simplified by finding its remainder modulo $360^{\circ }$:
$$\text{Effective Rotation}=450^{\circ }(\mathrm{mod}360^{\circ })$$

$$450^{\circ }-360^{\circ }=90^{\circ }\text{ clockwise}$$

Hence, rotating an image $450^{\circ }$ clockwise is equivalent to rotating it $90^{\circ }$ clockwise.