In the circuits shown below, the readings of voltmeters and the ammeters will be:

- Aand
- Band
- Cand
- Dand
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
For ideal instruments:Ideal Voltmeter has infinite resistance ().Ideal Ammeter has zero resistance ().In Circuit 1: . (voltage across resistor) .In Circuit 2: Since the voltmeter is ideal, it draws no current. The current in the main loop is determined by the resistor: . The voltmeter across the resistor will read the full battery voltage: .Thus, and .