In this question, three statements are given, followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All notebooks are stationeries.
Some stationeries are pencils.
All pencils are costly.
Conclusions:
I. All notebooks are pencils.
II. All stationeries are costly.
- AOnly conclusion Il follows.
- BOnly conclusion I follows.
- CNeither conclusion I nor Il follows.
- DBoth conclusions I and II follow.
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Let us analyze each conclusion using standard Venn diagram representation:
Conclusion I: "All notebooks are pencils." There is no direct connection given between notebooks and pencils; notebooks are inside stationeries, and pencils only intersect with a part of stationeries. Thus, this is not definitely true.
Conclusion II: "All stationeries are costly." Only "Some stationeries are pencils" and "All pencils are costly", which means only a part of stationeries is definitely costly, not all. Thus, this is also not definitely true.
Since neither conclusion follows definitely, the correct choice is "Neither conclusion I nor II follows."
Conclusion I: "All notebooks are pencils." There is no direct connection given between notebooks and pencils; notebooks are inside stationeries, and pencils only intersect with a part of stationeries. Thus, this is not definitely true.
Conclusion II: "All stationeries are costly." Only "Some stationeries are pencils" and "All pencils are costly", which means only a part of stationeries is definitely costly, not all. Thus, this is also not definitely true.
Since neither conclusion follows definitely, the correct choice is "Neither conclusion I nor II follows."