Match correctly the following lists 1, 2 and 3 :

	List 1		List 2		List 3
Ⅰ.	Ammonia	(a)	White solid	(i)	Rocket fuel
Ⅱ.	Basic reducing agent	(b)	Hydrazine	(ii)	Haber’s process
Ⅲ.	Explosive	(c)	Colourless volatile gas	(iii)	Hydrazoic acid
Ⅳ.	Hydroxylamine	(d)	Colourless volatile liquid	(iv)	Oxidising and reducing agent

Chemical Match: Ammonia, Hydrazine, and Hydroxylamine Properties

This question asks us to correctly match substances from List 1 with their properties or descriptions from List 2 and their uses or related concepts from List 3. We will analyze each part based on the correct matching to understand the relationships between these chemical substances and their characteristics or applications.Detailed Analysis of Each Match

Ammonia Match (I - c - ii)

- Ammonia Property: Ammonia (${\text{NH}}_3$) is a well-known chemical compound. Its physical state at standard temperature and pressure is a colourless gas. It has a characteristic pungent smell and is highly soluble in water. Being volatile means it easily vaporizes at room temperature.
- Ammonia Production: The Haber's process (also known as the Haber-Bosch process) is the principal industrial method for producing ammonia. This process involves the direct reaction of nitrogen gas from the air with hydrogen gas, usually derived from natural gas, under high temperature and pressure conditions, in the presence of a catalyst. This invention revolutionized agriculture by enabling the large-scale production of fertilizers.

Basic Reducing Agent Match (II - b - i)

- Hydrazine's Nature: Hydrazine (${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_4$) is a compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a strong base because of the lone pair of electrons on each nitrogen atom, which can accept protons. It is also a powerful reducing agent, meaning it readily donates electrons to other substances, causing them to be reduced while it itself gets oxidized.
- Hydrazine's Use: Hydrazine is famously used as a rocket propellant. Its decomposition reaction is highly exothermic and produces large volumes of gaseous products (nitrogen and hydrogen), making it very effective for generating thrust in spacecraft and missiles.

Explosive Match (III - d - iii)

- Hydrazoic Acid's Nature: Hydrazoic acid (${\text{HN}}_3$) is a compound containing nitrogen and hydrogen. It exists as a colourless, volatile liquid at room temperature. Its molecular structure contains a chain of three nitrogen atoms.
- Hydrazoic Acid's Hazard: The highly strained structure and nitrogen-nitrogen bonds in hydrazoic acid make it extremely unstable and prone to explosive decomposition. This characteristic is why it is classified as an explosive substance. Handling hydrazoic acid requires extreme caution due to its inherent instability.

Hydroxylamine Match (IV - a - iv)

- Hydroxylamine's State: Hydroxylamine (${\text{NH}}_2\text{OH}$) is a compound containing nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. In its pure form, it is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.
- Hydroxylamine's Redox Properties: Hydroxylamine is notable for its ability to act as both an oxidising agent and a reducing agent. As a reducing agent, the nitrogen atom (oxidation state -1) can be oxidized to higher oxidation states (e.g., 0 in ${\text{N}}_2$, +1 in ${\text{N}}_2\text{O}$, +2 in $\text{NO}$). As an oxidising agent, the nitrogen atom (oxidation state -1) can be reduced to lower oxidation states (e.g., -2 in ${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_4$, -3 in ${\text{NH}}_3$). This dual reactivity makes it useful in various organic and inorganic chemical reactions.

Based on the detailed analysis, the correct matching is:

- I. Ammonia - (c) Colourless volatile gas - (ii) Haber’s process
- II. Basic reducing agent - (b) Hydrazine - (i) Rocket fuel
- III. Explosive - (d) Colourless volatile liquid - (iii) Hydrazoic acid
- IV. Hydroxylamine - (a) White solid - (iv) Oxidising and reducing agent