Public Interest Litigation is primarily associated with which concept?

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that permits any public-spirited individual or organization to file a lawsuit on behalf of a marginalized community or public grievance. It is a vital tool and direct manifestation of Judicial Activism, allowing judges to abandon the traditional stance of passive arbitration to proactively enforce justice and human rights. It was popularized in the late 1970s and 1980s by Supreme Court Justices like P.N. Bhagwati and V.R. Krishna Iyer.