Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All mountains are hills.
All stones are hills.
Some hills are bricks.
Conclusions:
I. Some mountains are not stones.
II. Some bricks may not be hills is a possibility.
- ABoth conclusions I and II follow
- BNeither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
- COnly conclusion II follows
- DOnly conclusion I follows
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Let's analyze the statements using Venn Diagrams:
'All mountains are hills' means the set of mountains lies inside hills.
'All stones are hills' means the set of stones also lies inside hills. No direct relation is given between mountains and stones; they can overlap or be separate.
'Some hills are bricks' means there is an intersection between hills and bricks.
Evaluating Conclusions:
Conclusion I: 'Some mountains are not stones.' Since all statements are positive, a definite negative conclusion between two terms with no specified negative relation cannot be definitively true. There is a possibility that all mountains are stones. Hence, Conclusion I does not follow.
Conclusion II: 'Some bricks may not be hills is a possibility.' The word 'possibility' means we need to find if there is at least one valid Venn diagram configuration where some bricks are outside hills. Since the statement only tells us 'Some hills are bricks', it allows for a case where some bricks are not hills. Thus, this is a distinct possibility. Hence, Conclusion II follows.
'All mountains are hills' means the set of mountains lies inside hills.
'All stones are hills' means the set of stones also lies inside hills. No direct relation is given between mountains and stones; they can overlap or be separate.
'Some hills are bricks' means there is an intersection between hills and bricks.
Evaluating Conclusions:
Conclusion I: 'Some mountains are not stones.' Since all statements are positive, a definite negative conclusion between two terms with no specified negative relation cannot be definitively true. There is a possibility that all mountains are stones. Hence, Conclusion I does not follow.
Conclusion II: 'Some bricks may not be hills is a possibility.' The word 'possibility' means we need to find if there is at least one valid Venn diagram configuration where some bricks are outside hills. Since the statement only tells us 'Some hills are bricks', it allows for a case where some bricks are not hills. Thus, this is a distinct possibility. Hence, Conclusion II follows.