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1 mark

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:

All motors are ships.

Some ships are bowls.

No ship is a hammer.

Conclusions:
(I) Some motors are hammers.
(II) Some bowls are motors.
(III) Some bowls are not hammers.

  1. A
    Either conclusion I or conclusion III follows
  2. B
    Only conclusion I follows
  3. C
    Only conclusion III follows
  4. D
    All the conclusions I, II and III follow

Solution & Step-by-step Explanation

Let's evaluate the conclusions based on the statements:
Statement 1: All motors are ships.

Statement 3: No ship is a hammer.

Combining 1 and 3: Since all motors are inside ships, and no ship can be a hammer, it follows that No motor is a hammer. Therefore, Conclusion (I) ("Some motors are hammers") is completely false.

Statement 2: Some ships are bowls.

Since we only know some ships are bowls and all motors are ships, there is no certain overlapping specified between motors and bowls. Thus, Conclusion (II) ("Some bowls are motors") is a possibility but not definitely true.

Statement 2 & 3: Some bowls are ships, and No ship is a hammer.

The specific part of bowls that is inside "ships" can never be a hammer (because no ship is a hammer). Thus, those bowls which are ships are definitely not hammers.

Therefore, Conclusion (III) ("Some bowls are not hammers") definitely follows.

Hence, only conclusion III follows.

Practice this question

Try it yourself before checking the explanation above.

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:

All motors are ships.

Some ships are bowls.

No ship is a hammer.

Conclusions:
(I) Some motors are hammers.
(II) Some bowls are motors.
(III) Some bowls are not hammers.
A
Either conclusion I or conclusion III follows
B
Only conclusion I follows
C
Only conclusion III follows
D
All the conclusions I, II and III follow

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