Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All mats are sheets.
No sheet is a paper.
Some papers are notebooks.
Conclusions:
I. No mat is a paper.
II. Some sheets are notebooks.
- ABoth conclusions I and II follow
- BOnly conclusion I follows
- COnly conclusion II follows
- DNeither conclusion I nor II follows
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Let us evaluate the conclusions using logical relations (or Venn diagram subsets):
Statement 1: All mats are sheets ⟹Mats⊆Sheets.
Statement 2: No sheet is a paper ⟹Sheets∩Papers=∅.
Statement 3: Some papers are notebooks ⟹Papers∩Notebooks
=∅.
Now let's test the conclusions:
Conclusion I: No mat is a paper.
Since all mats are entirely inside sheets (Mats⊆Sheets), and no sheet can ever touch a paper, it is completely impossible for any mat to touch a paper. Therefore, Conclusion I is definitely true.
Conclusion II: Some sheets are notebooks.
There is no mandatory intersection given between sheets and notebooks. Notebooks overlap with papers, but they don't necessarily have to extend into the sheets circle. Therefore, Conclusion II does not logically follow.
Thus, Only conclusion I follows.
Statement 1: All mats are sheets ⟹Mats⊆Sheets.
Statement 2: No sheet is a paper ⟹Sheets∩Papers=∅.
Statement 3: Some papers are notebooks ⟹Papers∩Notebooks
=∅.
Now let's test the conclusions:
Conclusion I: No mat is a paper.
Since all mats are entirely inside sheets (Mats⊆Sheets), and no sheet can ever touch a paper, it is completely impossible for any mat to touch a paper. Therefore, Conclusion I is definitely true.
Conclusion II: Some sheets are notebooks.
There is no mandatory intersection given between sheets and notebooks. Notebooks overlap with papers, but they don't necessarily have to extend into the sheets circle. Therefore, Conclusion II does not logically follow.
Thus, Only conclusion I follows.