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1 mark

Statements:
1. Some papers are pens.
2. Angle is a paper.

Conclusions:
I. Angle is not a pen.
II. Angle is a pen.

  1. A
    Only conclusion I follows.
  2. B
    Only conclusion I and II follows.
  3. C
    Either conclusion I or II follows.
  4. D
    Both conclusions I and II follows.

Solution & Step-by-step Explanation

Let us evaluate the connections between the classes:
1. "Some papers are pens" means the sets 'Papers' and 'Pens' overlap.
2. "Angle is a paper" means Angle belongs directly inside the set 'Papers'.

Since Angle is a paper, and only a part of papers are pens, Angle might fall inside the overlapping pen region or outside it.

* Conclusion I () is possible but not certain.
* Conclusion II () is also possible but not certain.

Because these two statements are mutually contradictory and exhaustive over the state of Angle's relation to pens, they form a classic either-or complementary pair. Thus, either conclusion I or conclusion II must be true.

Practice this question

Try it yourself before checking the explanation above.

Statements:
1. Some papers are pens.
2. Angle is a paper.

Conclusions:
I. Angle is not a pen.
II. Angle is a pen.
A
Only conclusion I follows.
B
Only conclusion I and II follows.
C
Either conclusion I or II follows.
D
Both conclusions I and II follows.

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