Two Statements are given followed by Three conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All blues are reds.
All greens are blues.
Conclusions:
I. No red is a blue.
II. No blue is a green.
III. No green is a red.
- ANone of the conclusions follow.
- BBoth conclusions I and II follow.
- CBoth conclusions I and III follow.
- DBoth conclusions II and III follow.
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Based on the given universal affirmative statements, we can deduce the relationships between the categories:
1. "All greens are blues" means the set of Greens is completely inside the set of Blues ().
2. "All blues are reds" means the set of Blues is completely inside the set of Reds ().
Combining these, we get: .
Now evaluate the conclusions:
* Conclusion I: "No red is a blue." Since all blues are reds, some reds are definitely blues. Thus, this conclusion is false.
* Conclusion II: "No blue is a green." Since all greens are blues, some blues are definitely greens. Thus, this conclusion is false.
* Conclusion III: "No green is a red." Since all greens are blues and all blues are reds, all greens are definitely reds. Thus, this conclusion is false.
Therefore, none of the conclusions follow.
1. "All greens are blues" means the set of Greens is completely inside the set of Blues ().
2. "All blues are reds" means the set of Blues is completely inside the set of Reds ().
Combining these, we get: .
Now evaluate the conclusions:
* Conclusion I: "No red is a blue." Since all blues are reds, some reds are definitely blues. Thus, this conclusion is false.
* Conclusion II: "No blue is a green." Since all greens are blues, some blues are definitely greens. Thus, this conclusion is false.
* Conclusion III: "No green is a red." Since all greens are blues and all blues are reds, all greens are definitely reds. Thus, this conclusion is false.
Therefore, none of the conclusions follow.