Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries are:
- Arandom and directional
- Brandom and directionless
- Csmall and directional
- Dsmall and directionless
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Hugo de Vries based his mutation theory on Oenothera lamarckiana. He proposed that mutations are random and directionless, occurring suddenly (saltation). In contrast, Darwinian variations are small and directional.