Which disease is caused due to deficiency of Iodine?

Iodine deficiency is the primary cause of Goitre, which is characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency.

Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency.

While severe iodine deficiency can lead to growth and mental retardation (cretinism), the specific, classic disease universally identified with iodine deficiency among the given options is Goitre.