Which of the following statements are correct?
1. The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 provides for the regulation of use of DNA technology for establishing the identity of certain persons.
2. DNA is made up of 26 pairs of chromosomes and provides instructions for building an entire organism and proteins.
3. DNA is composed of two chains, which coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth.
4. Under the Bill, DNA profiling is allowed only in respect of criminal matters.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- AOnly 1 and 2
- BOnly 2 and 3
- COnly 1 and 3
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Evaluating Statements on DNA Technology and Regulation
This solution analyzes the correctness of four statements related to DNA technology, its structure, and the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019. We will examine each statement based on biological facts and the likely scope of the mentioned legislation.
Statement 1 Analysis: DNA Technology Bill Scope
- The statement mentions the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019.
- It asserts that this bill regulates the use of DNA technology specifically for establishing the identity of individuals.
- Legislation concerning DNA technology typically aims to standardize its use, ensuring ethical application and reliability, often including provisions for identity verification in various contexts, including legal and civil matters. Therefore, this statement is likely correct within the context of the bill's purpose.
Statement 2 Analysis: DNA Composition and Chromosomes
- This statement describes DNA as being composed of 26 pairs of chromosomes.
- It also states that DNA provides instructions for building an organism and proteins. While DNA does carry genetic instructions, the first part of the statement contains a factual inaccuracy.
- Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total), not 26 pairs. This includes 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females, XY for males).
- Because of the incorrect chromosome count, this statement is considered incorrect.
Statement 3 Analysis: DNA Structure
- This statement accurately describes the structure of DNA.
- It correctly states that DNA is composed of two chains.
- It accurately mentions that these chains coil around each other to form a double helix.
- The statement also correctly identifies the function of the double helix as carrying the genetic instructions essential for growth and other life processes.
- This description aligns with the fundamental biological understanding of DNA. Hence, this statement is correct.
Statement 4 Analysis: DNA Profiling in the Bill
- This statement claims that under the specified Bill, DNA profiling is permitted exclusively for criminal matters.
- While DNA profiling is crucial in criminal investigations (e.g., identifying suspects or victims), modern DNA technology and related regulations often extend its use to other areas. These can include paternity testing, identifying missing persons, immigration cases, and medical diagnostics.
- Legislation like the DNA Technology Regulation Bill usually aims for a broader application framework rather than limiting it solely to criminal cases. Therefore, the exclusivity mentioned makes this statement likely incorrect.
Conclusion on Correct Statements
Based on the analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct regarding the purpose of the DNA Technology Bill.
- Statement 2 is incorrect due to the inaccurate number of chromosome pairs mentioned.
- Statement 3 is correct, accurately describing the DNA double helix structure and its function.
- Statement 4 is incorrect as DNA profiling typically has applications beyond just criminal matters.
Therefore, the correct statements are 1 and 3.
This solution analyzes the correctness of four statements related to DNA technology, its structure, and the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019. We will examine each statement based on biological facts and the likely scope of the mentioned legislation.
Statement 1 Analysis: DNA Technology Bill Scope
- The statement mentions the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019.
- It asserts that this bill regulates the use of DNA technology specifically for establishing the identity of individuals.
- Legislation concerning DNA technology typically aims to standardize its use, ensuring ethical application and reliability, often including provisions for identity verification in various contexts, including legal and civil matters. Therefore, this statement is likely correct within the context of the bill's purpose.
Statement 2 Analysis: DNA Composition and Chromosomes
- This statement describes DNA as being composed of 26 pairs of chromosomes.
- It also states that DNA provides instructions for building an organism and proteins. While DNA does carry genetic instructions, the first part of the statement contains a factual inaccuracy.
- Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total), not 26 pairs. This includes 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females, XY for males).
- Because of the incorrect chromosome count, this statement is considered incorrect.
Statement 3 Analysis: DNA Structure
- This statement accurately describes the structure of DNA.
- It correctly states that DNA is composed of two chains.
- It accurately mentions that these chains coil around each other to form a double helix.
- The statement also correctly identifies the function of the double helix as carrying the genetic instructions essential for growth and other life processes.
- This description aligns with the fundamental biological understanding of DNA. Hence, this statement is correct.
Statement 4 Analysis: DNA Profiling in the Bill
- This statement claims that under the specified Bill, DNA profiling is permitted exclusively for criminal matters.
- While DNA profiling is crucial in criminal investigations (e.g., identifying suspects or victims), modern DNA technology and related regulations often extend its use to other areas. These can include paternity testing, identifying missing persons, immigration cases, and medical diagnostics.
- Legislation like the DNA Technology Regulation Bill usually aims for a broader application framework rather than limiting it solely to criminal cases. Therefore, the exclusivity mentioned makes this statement likely incorrect.
Conclusion on Correct Statements
Based on the analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct regarding the purpose of the DNA Technology Bill.
- Statement 2 is incorrect due to the inaccurate number of chromosome pairs mentioned.
- Statement 3 is correct, accurately describing the DNA double helix structure and its function.
- Statement 4 is incorrect as DNA profiling typically has applications beyond just criminal matters.
Therefore, the correct statements are 1 and 3.