Which one of the following is correctly matched?I. Gregor Mendal - Neurospora II T. H. Morgan - Drosophila III. C. B. Bridges - Garden pea IV. J.H. Muller - Mice
| I. | Gregor Mendal | - | Neurospora |
|---|---|---|---|
| II | T. H. Morgan | - | Drosophila |
| III. | C. B. Bridges | - | Garden pea |
| IV. | J.H. Muller | - | Mice |
- AI
- BII
- CIII
- DIV
Solution & Step-by-step Explanation
Understanding Genetic Scientists and Their Organisms
The question asks us to identify the correctly matched pair between a renowned geneticist and the experimental organism they primarily worked with. Understanding the contributions of key scientists to the field of genetics is crucial for grasping how our knowledge of heredity evolved.
Analyzing Each Geneticist and Organism Match
Let's examine each given pair to determine its accuracy:
Let's elaborate on each pair:
- Gregor Mendel: Known as the "Father of Genetics," Gregor Mendel conducted his pioneering experiments on heredity using the garden pea (Pisum sativum). His work led to the discovery of fundamental laws of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. Neurospora (bread mold) was famously used by Beadle and Tatum for their "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis, which came much later. Therefore, option I is incorrectly matched.
- H. Morgan (Thomas Hunt Morgan): Thomas Hunt Morgan is a Nobel Prize-winning American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, and embryologist who made significant contributions to the understanding of genetics. He is widely recognized for his experimental work with the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). His research with Drosophila established the chromosomal theory of inheritance, gene linkage, and crossing over. This is a correctly matched pair.
- C. B. Bridges (Calvin B. Bridges): Calvin B. Bridges was a student and close colleague of T.H. Morgan. Like Morgan, Bridges conducted extensive genetic research using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). He is particularly known for his work on chromosomal non-disjunction and establishing the relationship between genes and chromosomes. He did not work with the garden pea. Therefore, option III is incorrectly matched.
- J. H. Muller (Hermann J. Muller): Hermann J. Muller was another prominent student of T.H. Morgan. He also primarily used the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as his experimental organism. Muller is renowned for demonstrating that X-rays cause mutations, a discovery that had profound implications for genetics and radiation biology. He did not primarily work with mice for his genetic studies. Therefore, option IV is incorrectly matched.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, only the pair of H. Morgan and Drosophila is correctly matched, reflecting his groundbreaking contributions to genetics using the fruit fly as his primary experimental model.
The question asks us to identify the correctly matched pair between a renowned geneticist and the experimental organism they primarily worked with. Understanding the contributions of key scientists to the field of genetics is crucial for grasping how our knowledge of heredity evolved.
Analyzing Each Geneticist and Organism Match
Let's examine each given pair to determine its accuracy:
| Scientist | Matched Organism (in Question) | Actual Primary Experimental Organism | Correctness |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. Gregor Mendel | Neurospora | Garden pea (Pisum sativum) | Incorrect |
| II. H. Morgan | Drosophila | Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | Correct |
| III. C. B. Bridges | Garden pea | Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | Incorrect |
| IV. J. H. Muller | Mice | Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) | Incorrect |
- Gregor Mendel: Known as the "Father of Genetics," Gregor Mendel conducted his pioneering experiments on heredity using the garden pea (Pisum sativum). His work led to the discovery of fundamental laws of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. Neurospora (bread mold) was famously used by Beadle and Tatum for their "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis, which came much later. Therefore, option I is incorrectly matched.
- H. Morgan (Thomas Hunt Morgan): Thomas Hunt Morgan is a Nobel Prize-winning American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, and embryologist who made significant contributions to the understanding of genetics. He is widely recognized for his experimental work with the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). His research with Drosophila established the chromosomal theory of inheritance, gene linkage, and crossing over. This is a correctly matched pair.
- C. B. Bridges (Calvin B. Bridges): Calvin B. Bridges was a student and close colleague of T.H. Morgan. Like Morgan, Bridges conducted extensive genetic research using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). He is particularly known for his work on chromosomal non-disjunction and establishing the relationship between genes and chromosomes. He did not work with the garden pea. Therefore, option III is incorrectly matched.
- J. H. Muller (Hermann J. Muller): Hermann J. Muller was another prominent student of T.H. Morgan. He also primarily used the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as his experimental organism. Muller is renowned for demonstrating that X-rays cause mutations, a discovery that had profound implications for genetics and radiation biology. He did not primarily work with mice for his genetic studies. Therefore, option IV is incorrectly matched.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, only the pair of H. Morgan and Drosophila is correctly matched, reflecting his groundbreaking contributions to genetics using the fruit fly as his primary experimental model.