PPSC Prelims 2025 CSAT Question Paper (07-Dec-2025)

Carefully read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
By the year 2050, 80% of the Earth's population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then. An estimated 10 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. What can be done to ensure enough food for the world's population to live on ?
The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal is for the 'Vertical Farm'. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers. Vertical farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to operate. If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.
It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

Read the following passage and answer Question Numbers with reference to the passage by choosing the most appropriate option:
After a traumatic experience, it's normal to feel frightened, sad, anxious, and disconnected. But if the upset doesn't fade, you may be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can develop following any event that makes you fear for your safety. Any event, or series of events, that overwhelms you with feelings of hopelessness and helplessness and leaves you emotionally shattered, can trigger PTSD - especially if the event feels unpredictable and uncontrollable. PTSD can affect people who personally experience the traumatic event, those who witness the event, or those who pick up the pieces afterwards, such as emergency workers and law enforcement officers. PTSD can also result from surgery performed on children too young to fully understand what's happening to them.
Whatever the cause for your PTSD, with treatment and support, one can learn to manage your symptoms, reduce painful memories, and move past the trauma. Following a traumatic event, almost everyone experiences at least some of the symptoms of PTSD. A normal response to trauma becomes PTSD when you get stuck. After a traumatic experience, the mind and the body are in shock. But as you make sense of what happened and process your emotions, you start to come out of it. With PTSD, however, you remain in psychological shock. Your memory of what happened and your feelings about it are disconnected. In order to move on, it's important to face and feel your memories and emotions.
Recovery from PTSD is a gradual, ongoing process. Healing doesn't happen overnight, nor do the memories of the trauma ever disappear completely. This can make life seem difficult at times. PTSD can make you feel disconnected from others. You may be tempted to withdraw from social activities and your loved ones. But it's important to stay connected to life and the people who care about you.
If you suspect that you or a loved one has post-traumatic stress disorder, it's important to seek help right away. The sooner PTSD is treated, the easier it is to overcome. This process is much easier with the guidance and support of an experienced therapist or doctor. Treatment for PTSD can relieve symptoms by helping you deal with the trauma you've experienced. When looking for a therapist, seek out mental health professionals who specialize in the treatment of trauma and PTSD. Beyond credentials and experience, it's important to find a PTSD therapist who makes you feel comfortable and safe. Trust your gut; if a therapist doesn't feel right, look for someone else. For therapy to work, you need to feel comfortable and understood.

Read the following passage and answer Question Numbers with reference to the passage by choosing the most appropriate option:
After a traumatic experience, it's normal to feel frightened, sad, anxious, and disconnected. But if the upset doesn't fade, you may be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can develop following any event that makes you fear for your safety. Any event, or series of events, that overwhelms you with feelings of hopelessness and helplessness and leaves you emotionally shattered, can trigger PTSD - especially if the event feels unpredictable and uncontrollable. PTSD can affect people who personally experience the traumatic event, those who witness the event, or those who pick up the pieces afterwards, such as emergency workers and law enforcement officers. PTSD can also result from surgery performed on children too young to fully understand what's happening to them.
Whatever the cause for your PTSD, with treatment and support, one can learn to manage your symptoms, reduce painful memories, and move past the trauma. Following a traumatic event, almost everyone experiences at least some of the symptoms of PTSD. A normal response to trauma becomes PTSD when you get stuck. After a traumatic experience, the mind and the body are in shock. But as you make sense of what happened and process your emotions, you start to come out of it. With PTSD, however, you remain in psychological shock. Your memory of what happened and your feelings about it are disconnected. In order to move on, it's important to face and feel your memories and emotions.
Recovery from PTSD is a gradual, ongoing process. Healing doesn't happen overnight, nor do the memories of the trauma ever disappear completely. This can make life seem difficult at times. PTSD can make you feel disconnected from others. You may be tempted to withdraw from social activities and your loved ones. But it's important to stay connected to life and the people who care about you.
If you suspect that you or a loved one has post-traumatic stress disorder, it's important to seek help right away. The sooner PTSD is treated, the easier it is to overcome. This process is much easier with the guidance and support of an experienced therapist or doctor. Treatment for PTSD can relieve symptoms by helping you deal with the trauma you've experienced. When looking for a therapist, seek out mental health professionals who specialize in the treatment of trauma and PTSD. Beyond credentials and experience, it's important to find a PTSD therapist who makes you feel comfortable and safe. Trust your gut; if a therapist doesn't feel right, look for someone else. For therapy to work, you need to feel comfortable and understood.

Which of the choices is CLOSEST in meaning to the word "PREPOSTEROUS" ?

Replace the underlined portion in the following sentence with the most appropriate option to make it grammatically correct. If the sentence is correct as it stands, mark '(d)' as the answer.
It was of utmost importance to re-build the organization after the felony is discover.