GATE EC 2013 Question Paper (10-Feb-2013) (Shift 2)

In the circuit shown below, the silicon npn transistor Q has a very high value of β. The required value of R₂ in KΩ to produce I${}_C$ = 1 mA is

Let U and V be two independent and identically distributed random variables such that P(U = +1) = P(U = -1) = 1/2. The entropy H(U + V) in bits is

Bits 1 and 0 are transmitted with equal probability. At the receiver, the probability density function of the respective received signals for both bit are as shown below



If the detection threshold is 1, the bit error rate (BER) will be

Bits 1 and 0 are transmitted with equal probability. At the receiver, the probability density function of the respective received signals for both bits are as shown below:



The optimum threshold to achieve min BER is:

The current Iₛ Amps in the voltage source, and voltage Vₛ in Volts across the current source respectively, are