Reading Comprehension Questions

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Passage as provided in the previous question]

Which of the following is a consequence of siltation on river beds?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Passage as provided in the previous question]

Which of the following predictions made by certain scientists creates a larger threat of floods in India?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Passage as provided in the previous question]

What causes flash floods?

Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. "So, no good coming here with highfalutin ideas," he continued.
B. "There's one thing you must understand," said Edward to the housekeeper.
C. The housekeeper bowed and simply nodded in agreement.
D. "Just because we live in a big house doesn't mean we're rich!"

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Passage as provided in the previous question]

The problem of floods has recently received attention due to:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Floods are not new to India and this sub-continent, but in recent years the problem has received much greater attention perhaps largely because it has led to much greater damage than in the past. Even though information on the impending occurrence of floods is now more accurate and certainly timelier, often there is very little time or support infrastructure in place by which damage can be minimised. This is particularly true in the case of flash floods resulting from sudden and excessively heavy rain.

In the case of India, flooding is very much a function of the seasonal nature of our rainfall. The monsoons are spread over a short period during the year and often bring a concentrated volume of rain, which cannot be absorbed by the earth and finds outlet only in the form of streams that join up with our major river systems. But, flooding is not confined only to the main rivers of the country, often smaller tributaries and streams can cause heavy damage as well. Once these streams spill over their banks they could cause excessive harm, mainly because those living near the banks of these streams particularly in mountain areas do not have easy recourse to moving away quickly.

One major factor that could lead to a higher severity of flooding in the future is the danger of climate change. While the evidence of the nature of impacts resulting from climate change on precipitation and flooding at the regional level is not entirely clear, it could happen that the Indian subcontinent witnesses and suffers the effects of a significantly changed pattern of monsoons. One set of scientists has estimated that the monsoons could be shorter in duration, but far more intensive. In other words, much greater precipitation would take place in a much shorter period of time, thereby increasing the danger of floods. Climate change is the result of human actions through the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, of which carbon dioxide is the most prominent.

At the local level also human actions have heightened the danger of flood through the cutting of trees in the mountains as well as in the plains. In the case of India, the ecological damage through deforestation of the Himalayas has led to large-scale erosion of the mountain slopes and high levels of siltation. This leads to deposition of silt on the riverbeds in the plains and hence spill-over of water whenever the volume in the river reaches a certain level. With siltation on the river beds, flooding occurs even at very shallow water levels. However, even in cases where forecasts have been timely and generally accurate, people have often been reluctant to move away, because in most cases they lack the means and physical options for moving away from a danger zone to one that is relatively safe. In the case of flash floods, forecasts are difficult to make, and often the time available for relief is very short.

Which of the following human actions increases the danger of flooding?

According to the passage in image_66e147.jpg, which of the following is NOT implied by the phrase 'Service of India' (भारत की सेवा)?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Satyajit Ray's films are rich in sociological elements which portray themes like faulty social structures, childhood experiences, poverty-stricken India, rural life, complexities in relationships and politics, religion, gender and on. Films like Devi or The Goddess and Mahapurush or The Godman show how religion becomes a breeding ground of superstitions and how the blind faith of people in ‘Godmen’, without analysing the reality, leave people trapped in the end. In Pather Panchali or Song of the Road, Ray shows how Apu and Durga enjoy their childhood despite their poverty. The innocence and mirth of childhood offers a sharp contrast with the disconsolate faces of other adults in the family who are affected by the present harsh situations. A critique of autocracy is found in his film Hirak Rajar Deshe or In the Country of the Diamond King which is an overall political satire. Although Satyajit Ray's films are deeply rooted in Bengali culture, they have a universal significance, and much of it is perhaps because his film making is heavily inspired by neo-realist principles.

Which film by Satyajit Ray deals with the theme of autocracy?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Satyajit Ray's films are rich in sociological elements which portray themes like faulty social structures, childhood experiences, poverty-stricken India, rural life, complexities in relationships and politics, religion, gender and on. Films like Devi or The Goddess and Mahapurush or The Godman show how religion becomes a breeding ground of superstitions and how the blind faith of people in ‘Godmen’, without analysing the reality, leave people trapped in the end. In Pather Panchali or Song of the Road, Ray shows how Apu and Durga enjoy their childhood despite their poverty. The innocence and mirth of childhood offers a sharp contrast with the disconsolate faces of other adults in the family who are affected by the present harsh situations. A critique of autocracy is found in his film Hirak Rajar Deshe or In the Country of the Diamond King which is an overall political satire. Although Satyajit Ray's films are deeply rooted in Bengali culture, they have a universal significance, and much of it is perhaps because his film making is heavily inspired by neo-realist principles.

According to the passage, which of the following was a major inspiration for Satyajit Ray?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Satyajit Ray's films are rich in sociological elements which portray themes like faulty social structures, childhood experiences, poverty-stricken India, rural life, complexities in relationships and politics, religion, gender and on. Films like Devi or The Goddess and Mahapurush or The Godman show how religion becomes a breeding ground of superstitions and how the blind faith of people in ‘Godmen’, without analysing the reality, leave people trapped in the end. In Pather Panchali or Song of the Road, Ray shows how Apu and Durga enjoy their childhood despite their poverty. The innocence and mirth of childhood offers a sharp contrast with the disconsolate faces of other adults in the family who are affected by the present harsh situations. A critique of autocracy is found in his film Hirak Rajar Deshe or In the Country of the Diamond King which is an overall political satire. Although Satyajit Ray's films are deeply rooted in Bengali culture, they have a universal significance, and much of it is perhaps because his film making is heavily inspired by neo-realist principles.

Which of the following is NOT a theme of any of Satyajit Ray’s movies, according to the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Satyajit Ray's films are rich in sociological elements which portray themes like faulty social structures, childhood experiences, poverty-stricken India, rural life, complexities in relationships and politics, religion, gender and on. Films like Devi or The Goddess and Mahapurush or The Godman show how religion becomes a breeding ground of superstitions and how the blind faith of people in ‘Godmen’, without analysing the reality, leave people trapped in the end. In Pather Panchali or Song of the Road, Ray shows how Apu and Durga enjoy their childhood despite their poverty. The innocence and mirth of childhood offers a sharp contrast with the disconsolate faces of other adults in the family who are affected by the present harsh situations. A critique of autocracy is found in his film Hirak Rajar Deshe or In the Country of the Diamond King which is an overall political satire. Although Satyajit Ray's films are deeply rooted in Bengali culture, they have a universal significance, and much of it is perhaps because his film making is heavily inspired by neo-realist principles.

Which film by Satyajit Ray deals with the portrayal of childhood?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Shikshayatan – a school started in 1994 at Arasavanankadu, a village near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, with just 15 children by Mr. Raghavan, a chartered accountant, and his wife Aruna, an M.Phil in English – sets a model for both teachers and learners. The teachers here believe that learning is a form of play. They prove that learning can be made interesting and enjoyable. Most of the teaching material are produced by the teachers, who customise their teaching aids to suit their students’ needs and abilities. Health and nutrition of the children get priority. This ensures the children have the physical energy required for learning. Nutritional and medical supplements are provided to the needy. Free exercise and play are encouraged. Children learn spontaneously when their interest and curiosity are awakened. Teaching is confined to brief periods according to the natural attention span of each child, which is normally 15-30 minutes daily during the first two years. It is never extended beyond the child’s span of interest

Why is free exercise and play encouraged for children?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Shikshayatan – a school started in 1994 at Arasavanankadu, a village near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, with just 15 children by Mr. Raghavan, a chartered accountant, and his wife Aruna, an M.Phil in English – sets a model for both teachers and learners. The teachers here believe that learning is a form of play. They prove that learning can be made interesting and enjoyable. Most of the teaching material are produced by the teachers, who customise their teaching aids to suit their students’ needs and abilities. Health and nutrition of the children get priority. This ensures the children have the physical energy required for learning. Nutritional and medical supplements are provided to the needy. Free exercise and play are encouraged. Children learn spontaneously when their interest and curiosity are awakened. Teaching is confined to brief periods according to the natural attention span of each child, which is normally 15-30 minutes daily during the first two years. It is never extended beyond the child’s span of interest

Select the most appropriate synonym for the word ‘Customise’

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is a continuous process that circulates water throughout the Earth's systems. It involves the movement of water between the (1) ______ the water bodies and the land. The cycle consists of several key stages, each playing a crucial role in maintaining Earth's water balance.
At the heart of the water cycle is the process of (2) ______. This is where water from oceans, lakes and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour. This water vapour then rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses to form clouds. When these clouds become heavy enough, they release their moisture through (3) ______ which can fall as rain or other forms of precipitation.
When precipitation falls onto the land, it can take different paths. Some of it may evaporate back into the air, while some may be taken up by plants and released back into the atmosphere through a process called (4) ______. The rest of the water may flow over the land's surface, gathering in streams and rivers that eventually lead back to the oceans, completing the cycle.
The water cycle is essential for maintaining Earth's ecosystems and supporting life. It helps distribute fresh water to various regions, replenishes water sources, and plays a role in regulating (5) ______ temperatures. Understanding the water cycle is crucial for addressing water scarcity and managing natural resources effectively.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is a continuous process that circulates water throughout the Earth's systems. It involves the movement of water between the (1) ______ the water bodies and the land. The cycle consists of several key stages, each playing a crucial role in maintaining Earth's water balance.
At the heart of the water cycle is the process of (2) ______. This is where water from oceans, lakes and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour. This water vapour then rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses to form clouds. When these clouds become heavy enough, they release their moisture through (3) ______ which can fall as rain or other forms of precipitation.
When precipitation falls onto the land, it can take different paths. Some of it may evaporate back into the air, while some may be taken up by plants and released back into the atmosphere through a process called (4) ______. The rest of the water may flow over the land's surface, gathering in streams and rivers that eventually lead back to the oceans, completing the cycle.
The water cycle is essential for maintaining Earth's ecosystems and supporting life. It helps distribute fresh water to various regions, replenishes water sources, and plays a role in regulating (5) ______ temperatures. Understanding the water cycle is crucial for addressing water scarcity and managing natural resources effectively.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Satyajit Ray's films are rich in sociological elements which portray themes like faulty social structures, childhood experiences, poverty-stricken India, rural life, complexities in relationships and politics, religion, gender and on. Films like Devi or The Goddess and Mahapurush or The Godman show how religion becomes a breeding ground of superstitions and how the blind faith of people in ‘Godmen’, without analysing the reality, leave people trapped in the end. In Pather Panchali or Song of the Road, Ray shows how Apu and Durga enjoy their childhood despite their poverty. The innocence and mirth of childhood offers a sharp contrast with the disconsolate faces of other adults in the family who are affected by the present harsh situations. A critique of autocracy is found in his film Hirak Rajar Deshe or In the Country of the Diamond King which is an overall political satire. Although Satyajit Ray's films are deeply rooted in Bengali culture, they have a universal significance, and much of it is perhaps because his film making is heavily inspired by neo-realist principles.

According to the passage, how has Mahapurush been translated?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is a continuous process that circulates water throughout the Earth's systems. It involves the movement of water between the (1) ______ the water bodies and the land. The cycle consists of several key stages, each playing a crucial role in maintaining Earth's water balance.
At the heart of the water cycle is the process of (2) ______. This is where water from oceans, lakes and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour. This water vapour then rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses to form clouds. When these clouds become heavy enough, they release their moisture through (3) ______ which can fall as rain or other forms of precipitation.
When precipitation falls onto the land, it can take different paths. Some of it may evaporate back into the air, while some may be taken up by plants and released back into the atmosphere through a process called (4) ______. The rest of the water may flow over the land's surface, gathering in streams and rivers that eventually lead back to the oceans, completing the cycle.
The water cycle is essential for maintaining Earth's ecosystems and supporting life. It helps distribute fresh water to various regions, replenishes water sources, and plays a role in regulating (5) ______ temperatures. Understanding the water cycle is crucial for addressing water scarcity and managing natural resources effectively.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is a continuous process that circulates water throughout the Earth's systems. It involves the movement of water between the (1) ______ the water bodies and the land. The cycle consists of several key stages, each playing a crucial role in maintaining Earth's water balance.
At the heart of the water cycle is the process of (2) ______. This is where water from oceans, lakes and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour. This water vapour then rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses to form clouds. When these clouds become heavy enough, they release their moisture through (3) ______ which can fall as rain or other forms of precipitation.
When precipitation falls onto the land, it can take different paths. Some of it may evaporate back into the air, while some may be taken up by plants and released back into the atmosphere through a process called (4) ______. The rest of the water may flow over the land's surface, gathering in streams and rivers that eventually lead back to the oceans, completing the cycle.
The water cycle is essential for maintaining Earth's ecosystems and supporting life. It helps distribute fresh water to various regions, replenishes water sources, and plays a role in regulating (5) ______ temperatures. Understanding the water cycle is crucial for addressing water scarcity and managing natural resources effectively.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is a continuous process that circulates water throughout the Earth's systems. It involves the movement of water between the (1) ______ the water bodies and the land. The cycle consists of several key stages, each playing a crucial role in maintaining Earth's water balance.
At the heart of the water cycle is the process of (2) ______. This is where water from oceans, lakes and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour. This water vapour then rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses to form clouds. When these clouds become heavy enough, they release their moisture through (3) ______ which can fall as rain or other forms of precipitation.
When precipitation falls onto the land, it can take different paths. Some of it may evaporate back into the air, while some may be taken up by plants and released back into the atmosphere through a process called (4) ______. The rest of the water may flow over the land's surface, gathering in streams and rivers that eventually lead back to the oceans, completing the cycle.
The water cycle is essential for maintaining Earth's ecosystems and supporting life. It helps distribute fresh water to various regions, replenishes water sources, and plays a role in regulating (5) ______ temperatures. Understanding the water cycle is crucial for addressing water scarcity and managing natural resources effectively.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Our failure to control one of the most common of all ailments sometimes seems ridiculous. Medical science regularly practises transplant surgery and has rid whole countries of such killing diseases as Typhus and the Plague. But the problem of the common cold is unusually difficult and much has yet to be done to solve it. It is known that a cold is caused by one of a number of viral infections that affect the lining of the nose and other passages leading to the lungs, but the confusing variety of viruses makes studying and remedy very difficult. It was shown in 1960 that many typical colds in adults are caused by one or the other of a family of viruses known as rhinoviruses, yet there still remain many colds for which no virus has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that, because they are so much smaller than the bacteria which cause many other infections, viruses cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be cultivated easily in the bacteriologist's laboratory, since they only grow within the living cells of animals or plants. An important recent step forward, however, is the development of the technique of tissue culture, in which bits of animal tissue are enabled to go on living and to multiply independently of the body. This has greatly aided virus research and has led to the discovery of a large number of viruses. Their existence had previously been not only unknown but even unsuspected. The fact that we can catch a cold repeatedly creates another difficulty. Usually, a virus strikes only once and leaves the victim immune to further attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity from colds. It seems, therefore, that we are likely to have to suffer colds for some time yet.

Identify the most suitable inference from the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Our failure to control one of the most common of all ailments sometimes seems ridiculous. Medical science regularly practises transplant surgery and has rid whole countries of such killing diseases as Typhus and the Plague. But the problem of the common cold is unusually difficult and much has yet to be done to solve it. It is known that a cold is caused by one of a number of viral infections that affect the lining of the nose and other passages leading to the lungs, but the confusing variety of viruses makes studying and remedy very difficult. It was shown in 1960 that many typical colds in adults are caused by one or the other of a family of viruses known as rhinoviruses, yet there still remain many colds for which no virus has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that, because they are so much smaller than the bacteria which cause many other infections, viruses cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be cultivated easily in the bacteriologist's laboratory, since they only grow within the living cells of animals or plants. An important recent step forward, however, is the development of the technique of tissue culture, in which bits of animal tissue are enabled to go on living and to multiply independently of the body. This has greatly aided virus research and has led to the discovery of a large number of viruses. Their existence had previously been not only unknown but even unsuspected. The fact that we can catch a cold repeatedly creates another difficulty. Usually, a virus strikes only once and leaves the victim immune to further attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity from colds. It seems, therefore, that we are likely to have to suffer colds for some time yet.

The most appropriate synonym of the word 'isolated' is:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Our failure to control one of the most common of all ailments sometimes seems ridiculous. Medical science regularly practises transplant surgery and has rid whole countries of such killing diseases as Typhus and the Plague. But the problem of the common cold is unusually difficult and much has yet to be done to solve it. It is known that a cold is caused by one of a number of viral infections that affect the lining of the nose and other passages leading to the lungs, but the confusing variety of viruses makes studying and remedy very difficult. It was shown in 1960 that many typical colds in adults are caused by one or the other of a family of viruses known as rhinoviruses, yet there still remain many colds for which no virus has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that, because they are so much smaller than the bacteria which cause many other infections, viruses cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be cultivated easily in the bacteriologist's laboratory, since they only grow within the living cells of animals or plants. An important recent step forward, however, is the development of the technique of tissue culture, in which bits of animal tissue are enabled to go on living and to multiply independently of the body. This has greatly aided virus research and has led to the discovery of a large number of viruses. Their existence had previously been not only unknown but even unsuspected. The fact that we can catch a cold repeatedly creates another difficulty. Usually, a virus strikes only once and leaves the victim immune to further attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity from colds. It seems, therefore, that we are likely to have to suffer colds for some time yet.

Select the most suitable title for the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Our failure to control one of the most common of all ailments sometimes seems ridiculous. Medical science regularly practises transplant surgery and has rid whole countries of such killing diseases as Typhus and the Plague. But the problem of the common cold is unusually difficult and much has yet to be done to solve it. It is known that a cold is caused by one of a number of viral infections that affect the lining of the nose and other passages leading to the lungs, but the confusing variety of viruses makes studying and remedy very difficult. It was shown in 1960 that many typical colds in adults are caused by one or the other of a family of viruses known as rhinoviruses, yet there still remain many colds for which no virus has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that, because they are so much smaller than the bacteria which cause many other infections, viruses cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be cultivated easily in the bacteriologist's laboratory, since they only grow within the living cells of animals or plants. An important recent step forward, however, is the development of the technique of tissue culture, in which bits of animal tissue are enabled to go on living and to multiply independently of the body. This has greatly aided virus research and has led to the discovery of a large number of viruses. Their existence had previously been not only unknown but even unsuspected. The fact that we can catch a cold repeatedly creates another difficulty. Usually, a virus strikes only once and leaves the victim immune to further attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity from colds. It seems, therefore, that we are likely to have to suffer colds for some time yet.

Medical science has not done anything yet to solve the problem of the common cold because:

दिए गए गद्यांश में कुछ शब्द हटा दिए गए हैं। दिए गए विकल्पों की सहायता से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें। प्रत्येक संख्या के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन करें।
"लिपि का (1) ______ रुप चित्रलिपि रहा है। (2) ______ में मानव ने (3) ______ की दीवारों पर तथा अन्य वस्तुओं पर जो (4) ______ चित्र बनाये, उन चित्रों से ही (5) ______ प्रारंभ हुई।"
गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (5) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा-

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Our failure to control one of the most common of all ailments sometimes seems ridiculous. Medical science regularly practises transplant surgery and has rid whole countries of such killing diseases as Typhus and the Plague. But the problem of the common cold is unusually difficult and much has yet to be done to solve it. It is known that a cold is caused by one of a number of viral infections that affect the lining of the nose and other passages leading to the lungs, but the confusing variety of viruses makes studying and remedy very difficult. It was shown in 1960 that many typical colds in adults are caused by one or the other of a family of viruses known as rhinoviruses, yet there still remain many colds for which no virus has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that, because they are so much smaller than the bacteria which cause many other infections, viruses cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be cultivated easily in the bacteriologist's laboratory, since they only grow within the living cells of animals or plants. An important recent step forward, however, is the development of the technique of tissue culture, in which bits of animal tissue are enabled to go on living and to multiply independently of the body. This has greatly aided virus research and has led to the discovery of a large number of viruses. Their existence had previously been not only unknown but even unsuspected. The fact that we can catch a cold repeatedly creates another difficulty. Usually, a virus strikes only once and leaves the victim immune to further attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity from colds. It seems, therefore, that we are likely to have to suffer colds for some time yet.

Which of the following is the most appropriate summary of the given passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Shikshayatan – a school started in 1994 at Arasavanankadu, a village near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, with just 15 children by Mr. Raghavan, a chartered accountant, and his wife Aruna, an M.Phil in English – sets a model for both teachers and learners. The teachers here believe that learning is a form of play. They prove that learning can be made interesting and enjoyable. Most of the teaching material are produced by the teachers, who customise their teaching aids to suit their students’ needs and abilities. Health and nutrition of the children get priority. This ensures the children have the physical energy required for learning. Nutritional and medical supplements are provided to the needy. Free exercise and play are encouraged. Children learn spontaneously when their interest and curiosity are awakened. Teaching is confined to brief periods according to the natural attention span of each child, which is normally 15-30 minutes daily during the first two years. It is never extended beyond the child’s span of interest

Why do the teachers at Shikshayatan believe that learning can be done by the playway method?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Shikshayatan – a school started in 1994 at Arasavanankadu, a village near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, with just 15 children by Mr. Raghavan, a chartered accountant, and his wife Aruna, an M.Phil in English – sets a model for both teachers and learners. The teachers here believe that learning is a form of play. They prove that learning can be made interesting and enjoyable. Most of the teaching material are produced by the teachers, who customise their teaching aids to suit their students’ needs and abilities. Health and nutrition of the children get priority. This ensures the children have the physical energy required for learning. Nutritional and medical supplements are provided to the needy. Free exercise and play are encouraged. Children learn spontaneously when their interest and curiosity are awakened. Teaching is confined to brief periods according to the natural attention span of each child, which is normally 15-30 minutes daily during the first two years. It is never extended beyond the child’s span of interest

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM for the word ‘Spontaneously'

Find out the correct synonym of the following word mentioned in the passage:
"Obvious"

Find out the correct antonym of the following word mentioned in the passage:
"realize"

दिए गए गद्यांश में कुछ शब्द हटा दिए गए हैं। दिए गए विकल्पों की सहायता से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें। प्रत्येक संख्या के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन करें।
"लिपि का (1) ______ रुप चित्रलिपि रहा है। (2) ______ में मानव ने (3) ______ की दीवारों पर तथा अन्य वस्तुओं पर जो (4) ______ चित्र बनाये, उन चित्रों से ही (5) ______ प्रारंभ हुई।"
गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (2) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा-

Why does the author of the passage ask us to forget the history that we were taught at school?

दिए गए गद्यांश में कुछ शब्द हटा दिए गए हैं। दिए गए विकल्पों की सहायता से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें। प्रत्येक संख्या के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन करें।
"लिपि का (1) ______ रुप चित्रलिपि रहा है। (2) ______ में मानव ने (3) ______ की दीवारों पर तथा अन्य वस्तुओं पर जो (4) ______ चित्र बनाये, उन चित्रों से ही (5) ______ प्रारंभ हुई।"
गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (3) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा-

What does the expression “drill into your heads” mean as used in the passage?

Based on the reading passage, which of the following statements is correct?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Shikshayatan – a school started in 1994 at Arasavanankadu, a village near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, with just 15 children by Mr. Raghavan, a chartered accountant, and his wife Aruna, an M.Phil in English – sets a model for both teachers and learners. The teachers here believe that learning is a form of play. They prove that learning can be made interesting and enjoyable. Most of the teaching material are produced by the teachers, who customise their teaching aids to suit their students’ needs and abilities. Health and nutrition of the children get priority. This ensures the children have the physical energy required for learning. Nutritional and medical supplements are provided to the needy. Free exercise and play are encouraged. Children learn spontaneously when their interest and curiosity are awakened. Teaching is confined to brief periods according to the natural attention span of each child, which is normally 15-30 minutes daily during the first two years. It is never extended beyond the child’s span of interest

Why is teaching confined to short periods?

दिए गए गद्यांश में कुछ शब्द हटा दिए गए हैं। दिए गए विकल्पों की सहायता से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें। प्रत्येक संख्या के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन करें।
"लिपि का (1) ______ रुप चित्रलिपि रहा है। (2) ______ में मानव ने (3) ______ की दीवारों पर तथा अन्य वस्तुओं पर जो (4) ______ चित्र बनाये, उन चित्रों से ही (5) ______ प्रारंभ हुई।"
गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (4) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा-

दिए गए गद्यांश में कुछ शब्द हटा दिए गए हैं। दिए गए विकल्पों की सहायता से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें। प्रत्येक संख्या के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन करें।
"लिपि का (1) ______ रुप चित्रलिपि रहा है। (2) ______ में मानव ने (3) ______ की दीवारों पर तथा अन्य वस्तुओं पर जो (4) ______ चित्र बनाये, उन चित्रों से ही (5) ______ प्रारंभ हुई।"
गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (1) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा-

The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk at an organisation. After such events the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten corners. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organisation.
In an increasingly environment conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
What do you give to people — friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, gift planners who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events—are doing increasingly good business.
However, the best planned gifts of mine and thine often go awry. How often particularly during the so called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realising that it was you who had gifted it to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. Diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that India has presented to the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorised quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalised, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree and one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree

'Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave?' What does the word 'another' signify here?

The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk at an organisation. After such events the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten corners. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organisation.
In an increasingly environment conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
What do you give to people — friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, gift planners who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events—are doing increasingly good business.
However, the best planned gifts of mine and thine often go awry. How often particularly during the so called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realising that it was you who had gifted it to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. Diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that India has presented to the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorised quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalised, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree and one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree

What inference can be drawn from the passage?

The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk at an organisation. After such events the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten corners. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organisation.
In an increasingly environment conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
What do you give to people — friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, gift planners who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events—are doing increasingly good business.
However, the best planned gifts of mine and thine often go awry. How often particularly during the so called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realising that it was you who had gifted it to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. Diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that India has presented to the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorised quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalised, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree and one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree

What is customarily gifted to a guest speaker by organisations?

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Which of the following is the best description of the tone of the passage?

Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Homeschooling, an alternative approach to education, is a way of learning outside the defined parameters of school education. It puts the parents/guardians in charge of their child's all-round development. What and how to teach is determined by the parents who might not follow the curriculum of any education board. Parents either choose not to enrol their children in schools or-as is most prevalent in India-when a school's approach doesn't align with a child's needs, they pull their children out of school.
While there are no estimates of the number of homeschooled children in India, the cities of Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad seem to have most of the homeschooling communities.
In India, the concept initially catered to specially-abled children who needed more parental support. But with the rise of concerns over a stringent education system, some parents started experimenting with the approach. Other reasons include concerns about bullying, child abuse, inefficient teaching practices and children wanting to build careers outside of academics.
"Ever since I was a child, like many other parents today, I have always questioned traditional schooling. But back then people didn't pay heed to my concerns. The questions resurged when I had children; they were curious about the world around them, and we noticed that even after enrolling them in the best of schools, their emotional intelligence wasn't being acknowledged," says Sharadha Gerg (36), who has been homeschooling her two daughters since 2015. She soon realized that they wanted to be in charge of their own learning. Like many other parents, she felt that pulling them out of school and giving them an all-round education through home schooling, was the ideal way for them to grow and learn.

Many parents today, like Sharadha Gerg, believe that the education system must ___________.

The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk at an organisation. After such events the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten corners. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organisation.
In an increasingly environment conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
What do you give to people — friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, gift planners who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events—are doing increasingly good business.
Hyper, the best planned gifts of mine and thine often go awry. How often particularly during the so called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realising that it was you who had gifted it to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. Diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that India has presented to the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorised quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalised, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree and one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree

What was the speaker's unusual gift?

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Exist

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Which of the following represents the structure of the passage?

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?

Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Homeschooling, an alternative approach to education, is a way of learning outside the defined parameters of school education. It puts the parents/guardians in charge of their child's all-round development. What and how to teach is determined by the parents who might not follow the curriculum of any education board. Parents either choose not to enrol their children in schools or-as is most prevalent in India-when a school's approach doesn't align with a child's needs, they pull their children out of school.
While there are no estimates of the number of homeschooled children in India, the cities of Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad seem to have most of the homeschooling communities.
In India, the concept initially catered to specially-abled children who needed more parental support. But with the rise of concerns over a stringent education system, some parents started experimenting with the approach. Other reasons include concerns about bullying, child abuse, inefficient teaching practices and children wanting to build careers outside of academics.
"Ever since I was a child, like many other parents today, I have always questioned traditional schooling. But back then people didn't pay heed to my concerns. The questions resurged when I had children; they were curious about the world around them, and we noticed that even after enrolling them in the best of schools, their emotional intelligence wasn't being acknowledged," says Sharadha Gerg (36), who has been homeschooling her two daughters since 2015. She soon realized that they wanted to be in charge of their own learning. Like many other parents, she felt that pulling them out of school and giving them an all-round education through home schooling, was the ideal way for them to grow and learn.

Fill in the blank with the correct option.
Parents are opting for homeschooling because it _________.

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Alter

"Good is the enemy of great" is one of the most popular self-improvement expressions there is. It's the first sentence of an international bestselling business book, the title of another self-help book, and a mantra that NFL superstar J.J. Watt has used in press conferences. It sounds appealing and rolls off the tongue nicely, but there's a good chance it's downright wrong.
We're told that striving to be great and never being satisfied are necessary to meet the ever-increasing pressures and pace of today's world. It's the only route to success. But what is it all for? What does success even mean? Rates of clinical anxiety and depression are higher than ever. Some experts believe that loneliness and social isolation have reached epidemic proportions. Two-thirds of all employees report feeling burned out at work. Surely this isn't the kind of success that everyone is after.
Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh offers that true success means feeling content with the unfolding of your life. It is "finding happiness in your work and life, in the here and the now."
The kind of success that Thich Nhat Hanh champions isn't about striving to be great all the time. It's about being at least OK with where you are, about accepting good enough. What's interesting is that not always trying so damn hard to be great isn't just the path to being happier; it's also the path to getting better.
This mindset improves confidence and releases pressure because you don't always feel like you're coming up short. It also lessens the risk of injury-emotional and physical-since there isn't a perceived need to put forth heroic efforts every day. The result is more consistent performance that compounds over time. Research shows that sustainable progress, in everything from diet to fitness to creativity, isn't about being consistently great; it's about being great at being consistent. It's about being good enough over and over again.
A wonderful case study is Eliud Kipchoge, who just shattered the marathon world record. He's literally the best in the world at what he does. Yet Kipchoge says that the key to his success is not overextending himself in training. He's not fanatical about trying to be great all the time. Instead, he has an unwavering dedication to being good enough. He recently told The New York Times that he rarely, if ever, pushes himself past 80 per cent-90 per cent at most-of his maximum effort during workouts. This allows Kipchoge to string together weeks and weeks of consistent training. "I want to run with a relaxed mind," he says.
Unlike so many other runners who have tried and failed to break the world marathon record, Kipchoge has never been obsessed with the mark. Prior to his record-setting race, when asked about his mindset, he told The Times, "To be precise, I am just going to try to run my personal best. If it comes as a world record, I would appreciate it. But I would treat it as a personal best." Kipchoge puts running in its place, which, for him, is in the here and now, not in striving to meet ever increasing expectations. “When I run,” he says, "I feel good. My mind feels good. I sleep in a freeway, and I enjoy life."
It's a paradox. A good-enough mindset might very well be the key to being great and happy. The less you want to be happy, the happier you'll be. The less you need to perform better, the better you'll perform. Just think about your own life. During the times you were happiest and performed best, were you striving? Were you chasing after something? Or were you more like Kipchoge-grounded, at peace, and feeling good enough with what was in front of you? This doesn't mean you should never desire productive change or improvement. Quite the opposite. Though they may run counter to so much of the current ethos, adopting the following core principles of good enough is likely the best route to being happier and getting better.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the word depression stated in para 2 of the given passage.

[The same passage from Q.41 applies here] Select the most appropriate synonym of the word epidemic stated in para 2 of the given passage.

[The same passage from Q.41 applies here] Select the most appropriate synonym of the word perceived stated in para 5 of the given passage.

Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Homeschooling, an alternative approach to education, is a way of learning outside the defined parameters of school education. It puts the parents/guardians in charge of their child's all-round development. What and how to teach is determined by the parents who might not follow the curriculum of any education board. Parents either choose not to enrol their children in schools or-as is most prevalent in India-when a school's approach doesn't align with a child's needs, they pull their children out of school.
While there are no estimates of the number of homeschooled children in India, the cities of Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad seem to have most of the homeschooling communities.
In India, the concept initially catered to specially-abled children who needed more parental support. But with the rise of concerns over a stringent education system, some parents started experimenting with the approach. Other reasons include concerns about bullying, child abuse, inefficient teaching practices and children wanting to build careers outside of academics.
"Ever since I was a child, like many other parents today, I have always questioned traditional schooling. But back then people didn't pay heed to my concerns. The questions resurged when I had children; they were curious about the world around them, and we noticed that even after enrolling them in the best of schools, their emotional intelligence wasn't being acknowledged," says Sharadha Gerg (36), who has been homeschooling her two daughters since 2015. She soon realized that they wanted to be in charge of their own learning. Like many other parents, she felt that pulling them out of school and giving them an all-round education through home schooling, was the ideal way for them to grow and learn.

Select the UNTRUE option among the given statements regarding why parents prefer homeschooling.

[The same passage from Q.41 applies here] Select the most appropriate synonym of the word marathon stated in para 6 of the given passage.

[The same passage from Q.41 applies here] Select the most appropriate synonym of the word precise stated in para 6 of the given passage.

Indeed, the path she had chosen was full of difficulties. It was almost an unimaginable thing in those days for a woman of means to live a life of independence, but the particular profession for which Florence had trained herself was a disreputable one. Thus, nurses in those days were noted for their immoral conduct. They could hardly be trusted to carry out the simple medical duties. No wonder, therefore, that Florence's parents did not like that their daughter should take up the profession. Florence, however, did not see eye to eye with them. She felt wretched. Her sadness increased.
Select the option that gives the closest meaning of the following phrase:
"A WOMAN OF MEANS"

[The same passage from Q.46 applies here] Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the following word: "WRETCHED"

[The same passage from Q.46 applies here] Identify the style in which the given passage has been written.

Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Homeschooling, an alternative approach to education, is a way of learning outside the defined parameters of school education. It puts the parents/guardians in charge of their child's all-round development. What and how to teach is determined by the parents who might not follow the curriculum of any education board. Parents either choose not to enrol their children in schools or-as is most prevalent in India-when a school's approach doesn't align with a child's needs, they pull their children out of school.
While there are no estimates of the number of homeschooled children in India, the cities of Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad seem to have most of the homeschooling communities.
In India, the concept initially catered to specially-abled children who needed more parental support. But with the rise of concerns over a stringent education system, some parents started experimenting with the approach. Other reasons include concerns about bullying, child abuse, inefficient teaching practices and children wanting to build careers outside of academics.
"Ever since I was a child, like many other parents today, I have always questioned traditional schooling. But back then people didn't pay heed to my concerns. The questions resurged when I had children; they were curious about the world around them, and we noticed that even after enrolling them in the best of schools, their emotional intelligence wasn't being acknowledged," says Sharadha Gerg (36), who has been homeschooling her two daughters since 2015. She soon realized that they wanted to be in charge of their own learning. Like many other parents, she felt that pulling them out of school and giving them an all-round education through home schooling, was the ideal way for them to grow and learn.

In homeschooling, the charge of education is in the hands of the:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow
Why does a person become overconfident? The reason lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes people over assess their competence and jump into situations that are beyond their control.
Napoleon Bonaparte who became Emperor of France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was common only amongst fools. The overconfident Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This proved to be a big disaster.
Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two factors – one’s personal planning and support from the external world. Overconfident people take into account only their planning, generally ignoring external factors. As a result they are unable to foresee future developments. Hence, there is a greater risk of failure.
Then there is the question: how can one manage overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before taking a decision discuss the matter with other informed people with an objective mind and when it is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”.
Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. People of this kind become very cautious; before taking an action they assess the whole situation. They adopt a realistic approach.
Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. They know themselves but they are unaware of others. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned.
There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and the old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well calculated, otherwise it becomes very dangerous.

Which word did NOT seem to exist for Napoleon?

[The same passage from Q.46 applies here] Select from among the given options the most suitable title for the passage.

[The same passage from Q.46 applies here] Which of the following inferences CANNOT be drawn from the given passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow
Why does a person become overconfident? The reason lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes people over assess their competence and jump into situations that are beyond their control.
Napoleon Bonaparte who became Emperor of France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was common only amongst fools. The overconfident Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This proved to be a big disaster.
Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two factors – one’s personal planning and support from the external world. Overconfident people take into account only their planning, generally ignoring external factors. As a result they are unable to foresee future developments. Hence, there is a greater risk of failure.
Then there is the question: how can one manage overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before taking a decision discuss the matter with other informed people with an objective mind and when it is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”.
Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. People of this kind become very cautious; before taking an action they assess the whole situation. They adopt a realistic approach.
Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. They know themselves but they are unaware of others. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned.
There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and the old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well calculated, otherwise it becomes very dangerous.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Coral reefs are vital to both human societies and the ocean's ecosystem—they protect shorelines from storm surges and erosion and serve as nurseries for marine life. They're also frighteningly imperiled by warming waters, which produce conditions that turn them a ghostly white and expose them to a blanket of algae. That's what Kim Cobb saw one day in 2016 when she swam up to the reef in the central Pacific's Line Island chain that she'd been studying for 18 years. A heat wave had killed or bleached 95 per cent of the corals.
"It was carnage," the Georgia Tech climate scientist recalls. Disturbances like pollution and fishing are relatively limited in the vicinity of the research site, so Cobb felt rising ocean temperatures were the likely culprit. The impact has already been devastating, she says, adding, "I can't even imagine what it would look like at 2 degrees Celsius."

If warming can be limited, however, there might be hope for the corals that remain. Scientists like Hollie Putnam are engineering so-called super corals with the ability to withstand higher ocean temperatures and acidity levels. Putnam, a marine biologist at the University of Rhode Island, places coral species under climate change stressors and breeds those that survive best, creating hyper-resilient organisms. "They're really exciting and really hopeful," Putnam says, noting that super corals could help maintain the biodiversity and genetic diversity of already struggling reefs, like the ones in the Line Island Chain.

But super corals are more likely to survive if warming doesn't get much worse. "If we push the climate system to 2 degrees Celsius, we're talking about 1 per cent of reefs surviving," Cobb says. "That makes it less likely that coral-resilience engineering efforts will succeed." She says it's essential to limit warming to 1.5 degrees, a scenario in which up to 30 per cent of reefs could survive on their own. If that happens, one of the world's wildest reefs could be strengthened. If it doesn't, even the savviest engineering intervention won't be enough.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the word surges stated in para1 of the given passage.

Coral reefs are vital to both human societies and the ocean's ecosystem—they protect shorelines from storm surges and erosion and serve as nurseries for marine life. They're also frighteningly imperiled by warming waters, which produce conditions that turn them a ghostly white and expose them to a blanket of algae. That's what Kim Cobb saw one day in 2016 when she swam up to the reef in the central Pacific's Line Island chain that she'd been studying for 18 years. A heat wave had killed or bleached 95 per cent of the corals.
"It was carnage," the Georgia Tech climate scientist recalls. Disturbances like pollution and fishing are relatively limited in the vicinity of the research site, so Cobb felt rising ocean temperatures were the likely culprit. The impact has already been devastating, she says, adding, "I can't even imagine what it would look like at 2 degrees Celsius."

If warming can be limited, however, there might be hope for the corals that remain. Scientists like Hollie Putnam are engineering so-called super corals with the ability to withstand higher ocean temperatures and acidity levels. Putnam, a marine biologist at the University of Rhode Island, places coral species under climate change stressors and breeds those that survive best, creating hyper-resilient organisms. "They're really exciting and really hopeful," Putnam says, noting that super corals could help maintain the biodiversity and genetic diversity of already struggling reefs, like the ones in the Line Island Chain.

But super corals are more likely to survive if warming doesn't get much worse. "If we push the climate system to 2 degrees Celsius, we're talking about 1 per cent of reefs surviving," Cobb says. "That makes it less likely that coral-resilience engineering efforts will succeed." She says it's essential to limit warming to 1.5 degrees, a scenario in which up to 30 per cent of reefs could survive on their own. If that happens, one of the world's wildest reefs could be strengthened. If it doesn't, even the savviest engineering intervention won't be enough.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the word erosion stated in para1 of the given passage.

Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Homeschooling, an alternative approach to education, is a way of learning outside the defined parameters of school education. It puts the parents/guardians in charge of their child's all-round development. What and how to teach is determined by the parents who might not follow the curriculum of any education board. Parents either choose not to enrol their children in schools or-as is most prevalent in India-when a school's approach doesn't align with a child's needs, they pull their children out of school.
While there are no estimates of the number of homeschooled children in India, the cities of Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad seem to have most of the homeschooling communities.
In India, the concept initially catered to specially-abled children who needed more parental support. But with the rise of concerns over a stringent education system, some parents started experimenting with the approach. Other reasons include concerns about bullying, child abuse, inefficient teaching practices and children wanting to build careers outside of academics.
"Ever since I was a child, like many other parents today, I have always questioned traditional schooling. But back then people didn't pay heed to my concerns. The questions resurged when I had children; they were curious about the world around them, and we noticed that even after enrolling them in the best of schools, their emotional intelligence wasn't being acknowledged," says Sharadha Gerg (36), who has been homeschooling her two daughters since 2015. She soon realized that they wanted to be in charge of their own learning. Like many other parents, she felt that pulling them out of school and giving them an all-round education through home schooling, was the ideal way for them to grow and learn.

Select the UNTRUE option among the following statements.
Parents who choose homeschooling pull their children out of school so that their children can:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow
Why does a person become overconfident? The reason lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes people over assess their competence and jump into situations that are beyond their control.
Napoleon Bonaparte who became Emperor of France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was common only amongst fools. The overconfident Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This proved to be a big disaster.
Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two factors – one’s personal planning and support from the external world. Overconfident people take into account only their planning, generally ignoring external factors. As a result they are unable to foresee future developments. Hence, there is a greater risk of failure.
Then there is the question: how can one manage overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before taking a decision discuss the matter with other informed people with an objective mind and when it is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”.
Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. People of this kind become very cautious; before taking an action they assess the whole situation. They adopt a realistic approach.
Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. They know themselves but they are unaware of others. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned.
There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and the old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well calculated, otherwise it becomes very dangerous.

'cut down to size' means to:

Coral reefs are vital to both human societies and the ocean's ecosystem—they protect shorelines from storm surges and erosion and serve as nurseries for marine life. They're also frighteningly imperiled by warming waters, which produce conditions that turn them a ghostly white and expose them to a blanket of algae. That's what Kim Cobb saw one day in 2016 when she swam up to the reef in the central Pacific's Line Island chain that she'd been studying for 18 years. A heat wave had killed or bleached 95 per cent of the corals.
"It was carnage," the Georgia Tech climate scientist recalls. Disturbances like pollution and fishing are relatively limited in the vicinity of the research site, so Cobb felt rising ocean temperatures were the likely culprit. The impact has already been devastating, she says, adding, "I can't even imagine what it would look like at 2 degrees Celsius."

If warming can be limited, however, there might be hope for the corals that remain. Scientists like Hollie Putnam are engineering so-called super corals with the ability to withstand higher ocean temperatures and acidity levels. Putnam, a marine biologist at the University of Rhode Island, places coral species under climate change stressors and breeds those that survive best, creating hyper-resilient organisms. "They're really exciting and really hopeful," Putnam says, noting that super corals could help maintain the biodiversity and genetic diversity of already struggling reefs, like the ones in the Line Island Chain.

But super corals are more likely to survive if warming doesn't get much worse. "If we push the climate system to 2 degrees Celsius, we're talking about 1 per cent of reefs surviving," Cobb says. "That makes it less likely that coral-resilience engineering efforts will succeed." She says it's essential to limit warming to 1.5 degrees, a scenario in which up to 30 per cent of reefs could survive on their own. If that happens, one of the world's wildest reefs could be strengthened. If it doesn't, even the savviest engineering intervention won't be enough.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the word imperiled stated in para1 of the given passage.

Coral reefs are vital to both human societies and the ocean's ecosystem—they protect shorelines from storm surges and erosion and serve as nurseries for marine life. They're also frighteningly imperiled by warming waters, which produce conditions that turn them a ghostly white and expose them to a blanket of algae. That's what Kim Cobb saw one day in 2016 when she swam up to the reef in the central Pacific's Line Island chain that she'd been studying for 18 years. A heat wave had killed or bleached 95 per cent of the corals.
"It was carnage," the Georgia Tech climate scientist recalls. Disturbances like pollution and fishing are relatively limited in the vicinity of the research site, so Cobb felt rising ocean temperatures were the likely culprit. The impact has already been devastating, she says, adding, "I can't even imagine what it would look like at 2 degrees Celsius."

If warming can be limited, however, there might be hope for the corals that remain. Scientists like Hollie Putnam are engineering so-called super corals with the ability to withstand higher ocean temperatures and acidity levels. Putnam, a marine biologist at the University of Rhode Island, places coral species under climate change stressors and breeds those that survive best, creating hyper-resilient organisms. "They're really exciting and really hopeful," Putnam says, noting that super corals could help maintain the biodiversity and genetic diversity of already struggling reefs, like the ones in the Line Island Chain.

But super corals are more likely to survive if warming doesn't get much worse. "If we push the climate system to 2 degrees Celsius, we're talking about 1 per cent of reefs surviving," Cobb says. "That makes it less likely that coral-resilience engineering efforts will succeed." She says it's essential to limit warming to 1.5 degrees, a scenario in which up to 30 per cent of reefs could survive on their own. If that happens, one of the world's wildest reefs could be strengthened. If it doesn't, even the savviest engineering intervention won't be enough.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the word bleached stated in para 1 of the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow
Why does a person become overconfident? The reason lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes people over assess their competence and jump into situations that are beyond their control.
Napoleon Bonaparte who became Emperor of France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was common only amongst fools. The overconfident Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This proved to be a big disaster.
Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two factors – one’s personal planning and support from the external world. Overconfident people take into account only their planning, generally ignoring external factors. As a result they are unable to foresee future developments. Hence, there is a greater risk of failure.
Then there is the question: how can one manage overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before taking a decision discuss the matter with other informed people with an objective mind and when it is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”.
Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. People of this kind become very cautious; before taking an action they assess the whole situation. They adopt a realistic approach.
Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. They know themselves but they are unaware of others. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned.
There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and the old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well calculated, otherwise it becomes very dangerous.

An overconfident person rates his abilities _______ they are.

Coral reefs are vital to both human societies and the ocean's ecosystem—they protect shorelines from storm surges and erosion and serve as nurseries for marine life. They're also frighteningly imperiled by warming waters, which produce conditions that turn them a ghostly white and expose them to a blanket of algae. That's what Kim Cobb saw one day in 2016 when she swam up to the reef in the central Pacific's Line Island chain that she'd been studying for 18 years. A heat wave had killed or bleached 95 per cent of the corals.
"It was carnage," the Georgia Tech climate scientist recalls. Disturbances like pollution and fishing are relatively limited in the vicinity of the research site, so Cobb felt rising ocean temperatures were the likely culprit. The impact has already been devastating, she says, adding, "I can't even imagine what it would look like at 2 degrees Celsius."

If warming can be limited, however, there might be hope for the corals that remain. Scientists like Hollie Putnam are engineering so-called super corals with the ability to withstand higher ocean temperatures and acidity levels. Putnam, a marine biologist at the University of Rhode Island, places coral species under climate change stressors and breeds those that survive best, creating hyper-resilient organisms. "They're really exciting and really hopeful," Putnam says, noting that super corals could help maintain the biodiversity and genetic diversity of already struggling reefs, like the ones in the Line Island Chain.

But super corals are more likely to survive if warming doesn't get much worse. "If we push the climate system to 2 degrees Celsius, we're talking about 1 per cent of reefs surviving," Cobb says. "That makes it less likely that coral-resilience engineering efforts will succeed." She says it's essential to limit warming to 1.5 degrees, a scenario in which up to 30 per cent of reefs could survive on their own. If that happens, one of the world's wildest reefs could be strengthened. If it doesn't, even the savviest engineering intervention won't be enough.

Select the most appropriate synonym of the word vicinity stated in para2 of the given passage.

No other nation can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of Sir Thomas Philips (1792-1872), who in 50 years amassed the greatest private library the world has ever seen, spending on it some £250,000 (add two noughts for inflation). Few other nations can produce such dedicated book loonies as Bernard Levin, who has been advised that should he ever be rash enough to display on shelves the tons of books he has amassed so far, he would assuredly bring the walls of his London apartment crashing about his ears.
Fill in the blank with the correct information from the passage:

Sir Thomas amassed the greatest private library the world has ever seen, spending on it some _______.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow
Why does a person become overconfident? The reason lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes people over assess their competence and jump into situations that are beyond their control.
Napoleon Bonaparte who became Emperor of France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was common only amongst fools. The overconfident Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This proved to be a big disaster.
Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two factors – one’s personal planning and support from the external world. Overconfident people take into account only their planning, generally ignoring external factors. As a result they are unable to foresee future developments. Hence, there is a greater risk of failure.
Then there is the question: how can one manage overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before taking a decision discuss the matter with other informed people with an objective mind and when it is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”.
Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. People of this kind become very cautious; before taking an action they assess the whole situation. They adopt a realistic approach.
Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. They know themselves but they are unaware of others. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned.
There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and the old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well calculated, otherwise it becomes very dangerous.

According to the passage, overconfident people face a greater risk of failure because they:

No other nation can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of Sir Thomas Philips (1792-1872), who in 50 years amassed the greatest private library the world has ever seen, spending on it some £250,000 (add two noughts for inflation). Few other nations can produce such dedicated book loonies as Bernard Levin, who has been advised that should he ever be rash enough to display on shelves the tons of books he has amassed so far, he would assuredly bring the walls of his London apartment crashing about his ears.
Fill in the blank with the correct information from the passage:

Few other nations can produce such dedicated book loonies as _______.

No other nation can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of Sir Thomas Philips (1792-1872), who in 50 years amassed the greatest private library the world has ever seen, spending on it some £250,000 (add two noughts for inflation). Few other nations can produce such dedicated book loonies as Bernard Levin, who has been advised that should he ever be rash enough to display on shelves the tons of books he has amassed so far, he would assuredly bring the walls of his London apartment crashing about his ears.
Read the passage and answer the following question:

Who can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of Sir Thomas Philips?

According to the passage, which Indian language has the highest probability of becoming a global language?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The food industry in India accounts for about 26 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and will be one of the 1) ________ growth areas in the years ahead. This has given 2) _________ to international trade but has also increased the responsibility to achieve the appropriate level of 3) _________ in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary protection. Further, the Indian Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, reflects a major shift in food laws and seeks to provide greater consumer protection by 4) __________ the safety and wholesomeness of food at all stages of the food chain. This changing scenario has widened the scope and 5)___________ career options in this area.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

No other nation can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of Sir Thomas Philips (1792-1872), who in 50 years amassed the greatest private library the world has ever seen, spending on it some £250,000 (add two noughts for inflation). Few other nations can produce such dedicated book loonies as Bernard Levin, who has been advised that should he ever be rash enough to display on shelves the tons of books he has amassed so far, he would assuredly bring the walls of his London apartment crashing about his ears.
Fill in the blank with the correct information from the passage:

Levin has been warned never to display his humungous collection of books on shelves, as their weight could bring _______.

No other nation can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of Sir Thomas Philips (1792-1872), who in 50 years amassed the greatest private library the world has ever seen, spending on it some £250,000 (add two noughts for inflation). Few other nations can produce such dedicated book loonies as Bernard Levin, who has been advised that should he ever be rash enough to display on shelves the tons of books he has amassed so far, he would assuredly bring the walls of his London apartment crashing about his ears.
Fill in the blank with the correct information from the passage:

Sir Thomas Philips in ________ years amassed the greatest private library.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The food industry in India accounts for about 26 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and will be one of the 1) ________ growth areas in the years ahead. This has given 2) _________ to international trade but has also increased the responsibility to achieve the appropriate level of 3) _________ in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary protection. Further, the Indian Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, reflects a major shift in food laws and seeks to provide greater consumer protection by 4) __________ the safety and wholesomeness of food at all stages of the food chain. This changing scenario has widened the scope and 5)___________ career options in this area.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Read the following passage and answer the question given below.
A little bird was flying South for the winter. It was so cold the bird froze and ______ to the ground into a large field.
While she was ______ there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on her. As the frozen bird lay there in the ______ of cow dung, she began to realize how warm she was.
The dung was actually ______ her out! She lay there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy.
A ______ cat heard the bird singing and discovered the bird under the cow dung. The cat dug her out and ate her.

Choose the word from the given options which fits in the blank labelled 1 and gives correct meaning.

Read the following passage and answer the question given below.
A little bird was flying South for the winter. It was so cold the bird froze and ______ to the ground into a large field.
While she was ______ there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on her. As the frozen bird lay there in the ______ of cow dung, she began to realize how warm she was.
The dung was actually ______ her out! She lay there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy.
A ______ cat heard the bird singing and discovered the bird under the cow dung. The cat dug her out and ate her.

Choose the word from the given options which fits in the blank labelled 2 and gives correct meaning.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The food industry in India accounts for about 26 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and will be one of the 1) ________ growth areas in the years ahead. This has given 2) _________ to international trade but has also increased the responsibility to achieve the appropriate level of 3) _________ in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary protection. Further, the Indian Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, reflects a major shift in food laws and seeks to provide greater consumer protection by 4) __________ the safety and wholesomeness of food at all stages of the food chain. This changing scenario has widened the scope and 5)___________ career options in this area.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

Read the following passage and answer the question given below.
A little bird was flying South for the winter. It was so cold the bird froze and ______ to the ground into a large field.
While she was ______ there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on her. As the frozen bird lay there in the ______ of cow dung, she began to realize how warm she was.
The dung was actually ______ her out! She lay there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy.
A ______ cat heard the bird singing and discovered the bird under the cow dung. The cat dug her out and ate her.

Choose the word from the given options which fits in the blank labelled 3 and gives correct meaning.

Read the following passage and answer the question given below.
A little bird was flying South for the winter. It was so cold the bird froze and ______ to the ground into a large field.
While she was ______ there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on her. As the frozen bird lay there in the ______ of cow dung, she began to realize how warm she was.
The dung was actually ______ her out! She lay there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy.
A ______ cat heard the bird singing and discovered the bird under the cow dung. The cat dug her out and ate her.

Choose the word from the given options which fits in the blank labelled 4 and gives correct meaning.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The food industry in India accounts for about 26 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and will be one of the 1) ________ growth areas in the years ahead. This has given 2) _________ to international trade but has also increased the responsibility to achieve the appropriate level of 3) _________ in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary protection. Further, the Indian Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, reflects a major shift in food laws and seeks to provide greater consumer protection by 4) __________ the safety and wholesomeness of food at all stages of the food chain. This changing scenario has widened the scope and 5)___________ career options in this area.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

Read the following passage and answer the question given below.
A little bird was flying South for the winter. It was so cold the bird froze and ______ to the ground into a large field.
While she was ______ there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on her. As the frozen bird lay there in the ______ of cow dung, she began to realize how warm she was.
The dung was actually ______ her out! She lay there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy.
A ______ cat heard the bird singing and discovered the bird under the cow dung. The cat dug her out and ate her.

Identify the phrasal verb/word which fits in the blank labelled as 5 and gives correct meaning.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
Prime Minister Modi has recently declared Modhera, Gujarat as India's first 24x7 solar-powered village. It is an important marker in India's ambitious renewable energy vision. The aim is to increase installed capacity by more than three-fold to 500 GW by 2030. The commercial viability of solar power will have a say in realising this goal. Presently, India's electricity sector displays a dichotomy, representing the challenges facing the renewable sector.
Thermal power contributed 75%-85% of the power generated over the last three financial years. Its installed capacity, however, dipped from 62.3% to 59.6% over the same period. During the same phase, solar power installed capacity increased from 9.4% to 12.8% among renewables, its share in a generation increased. Therefore, among available sources of renewable energy, it's solar power that holds the brightest promise. Renewable energy consumption gets a big push from the Government of India in the form of legally binding purchases called Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO). Despite this boost, renewables struggle to meet generation targets because states which have an incentive to keep costs low often fail to meet their RPO. A March 2021 parliamentary committee report showed that only four states met their entire RPO target in 2019-20.
Solar power trajectory is delicately poised despite the Government's move to increase the share of RPO till 2030. An increase in important tariff this year on inputs such as solar modules to boost domestic industry will in the near future push up project costs and, thereby, power tariffs. This is at odds with a separate move to nudge discoms to maintain financial discipline. Moreover, the renewable space itself is set to get more competitive with the advent of green hydrogen. The renewable energy is set for a churn with a complex set of factors at play.

Select the most appropriate title for the passage.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The food industry in India accounts for about 26 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and will be one of the 1) ________ growth areas in the years ahead. This has given 2) _________ to international trade but has also increased the responsibility to achieve the appropriate level of 3) _________ in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary protection. Further, the Indian Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, reflects a major shift in food laws and seeks to provide greater consumer protection by 4) __________ the safety and wholesomeness of food at all stages of the food chain. This changing scenario has widened the scope and 5)___________ career options in this area.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

Select the correct full form of RPO?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

How many states met the RPO target in 2019-20?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

Select the most appropriate title for the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

Identify the structure of the passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

Select the central theme of the passage.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

Identify the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word 'ambitious'.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for human-animal conflict?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

How much forestland, according to the passage, is destroyed every year?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! Which of the following CANNOT be accepted by the general public in India regarding GHI?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between 1 parts of the world. The name 'silk routes' points to the 2 of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and 3 Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and 4 almost till the fifteenth century. But Chinese pottery also ________5________the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

As per the World Economic Forum, half the world's GDP depends on _________.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! Select the tone of the last line 'We are a starving nation!'