Reading Comprehension Questions

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The food industry in India accounts for about 26 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and will be one of the 1) ________ growth areas in the years ahead. This has given 2) _________ to international trade but has also increased the responsibility to achieve the appropriate level of 3) _________ in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary protection. Further, the Indian Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, reflects a major shift in food laws and seeks to provide greater consumer protection by 4) __________ the safety and wholesomeness of food at all stages of the food chain. This changing scenario has widened the scope and 5)___________ career options in this area.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

Select the correct full form of RPO?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

How many states met the RPO target in 2019-20?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

Select the most appropriate title for the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

Identify the structure of the passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

Select the central theme of the passage.

Read the given passage and answer the question that follow.
[Same Passage as above]

Identify the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word 'ambitious'.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for human-animal conflict?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

How much forestland, according to the passage, is destroyed every year?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! Which of the following CANNOT be accepted by the general public in India regarding GHI?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between 1 parts of the world. The name 'silk routes' points to the 2 of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and 3 Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and 4 almost till the fifteenth century. But Chinese pottery also ________5________the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) has recently released its 'Living Planet Report 2022' - this finds a 69% decline in wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018. 'Vertebrate wildlife groups have fallen by two-thirds globally while freshwater species have shrunk by 83%. One million planets and animals face extinction - about 2.5% of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish have gone forever. The crisis is caused by the Anthropocene, our era of sprawling human impacts, extending from heating Earth's atmosphere to making oceans acidic and destroying habitat. Many animals inhabit trees, nooks and crannies in forests across Earth - yet, every year, we destroy ten million hectares of forestlands. Our greenhouse gas emissions warm the world, causing extreme weather events, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and the collapse of productive plants. This forces wildlife to travel, seeking water and food. As they wander, they face human-animal conflicts over resources. We have a few consolations of metal and plastic to amuse ourselves with through this destruction - the animals of the Anthropocene have none.

However, losing them has huge implications for humanity. According to the World Economic Forum, an analysis of 163 industry sectors shows over half the world's GDP is dependent on nature and ecosystem services performed by animals. About $44trillionofeconomicvaluegenerationcomesfromsuchservices-theWorldBankfindstheircollapsecouldcausea$ 2.7 trillion annual decline in global GDP by 2030, South Asia among the worst-hit. Alongside, without our fellow species, we lose the wonders and beauty of the world. There are solutions to halt this growing loss. We can rejuvenate wild habitat, protect humans sharing lands with animals and respect wildlife's need or peace. Thinking about animals helps us understand the alchemy of existence.

As per the World Economic Forum, half the world's GDP depends on _________.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! Select the tone of the last line 'We are a starving nation!'

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! Select the correct summary of the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
A potential flashpoint in the long-running boundary dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka was averted when the scheduled visit of two ministers in the Maharashtra government to Belgavi was called off. Unfortunately, this will not end the disruption endured by people in the area. Prohibitory orders have been imposed, public transport disrupted, and the atmosphere remains charged. The immediate trigger for this round of flare-ups is the conduct of senior functionaries in both governments and organisations with a stake in the issue.

The dispute goes back to reorganisation of states on linguistic lines in the 1950s. Multilingual regions were demarcated and Maharasthtra's governments have been unsatisfied with the allocation of Belgavi to Karnataka. A joint effort by governments in the two states in the 1960s to find a solution did not fructify. The dispute currently is in the Supreme Court. In other words, no amount of grandstanding by politicians on both sides is going to result in redrawing borders. However, that hasn't prevented them from periodically raking it up with the consequences borne by people in the region. As is the case with border areas, many inhabitants speak both languages even as politicians are ostensibly fighting the cause of speakers of one language.

India does need a more active national interstate council to manage tensions that arise out of disagreements over maps. However, an inactive council cannot condone the conduct of senior politicians as heated rhetoric causes collateral damage. India's painstaking transition to dismantling interstate fiscal barriers through the roll-out of GST is undermined when physical movement of goods and people get disrupted by escalating tension. The political class that set aside differences to arrive at a grand bargain and created a common market in India should not undo their achievement. One of India's strengths is the extent of multilingualism even when internal borders have been determined largely on linguistic basis. Politicians need to learn from common Indians.

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word 'impose'.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as better than India in GHI?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between 1 parts of the world. The name 'silk routes' points to the 2 of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and 3 Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and 4 almost till the fifteenth century. But Chinese pottery also ________5________the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Reorganisation of states in the 1950s was done based on ________.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.Hunger is an emotive word. Most of us reading this are fortunate to have enough to eat. We find the idea that the other people live in hunger deeply unsettling. Hence, it is also unsettling that the well-publicised 2022 Global Hunger Index has ranked India at 107 out of 121 countries. It has ranked India behind North Korea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Nigeria and Congo. This doesn't seem to make much sense. But people don't really like digging through the actual reports and methodology. They read the headline and comment on that and move on.The GHI report is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany, respectively. Both are good organisations with long and reputed track records. The report is a 60-page beautiful PDF document, with its heart in the right place. The formatting and language are perfect. It has beautiful pictures, such as of African farm women holding vegetables.At the same time, its rankings are highly questionable. Four criteria are used to determine the final index: prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting rate, child wasting rate, and child mortality. Thus, three of the four criteria are related to children. Child stunting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference height for a 5-year-old. Child wasting rate is defined as the percentage of children that are two standard deviations below the reference weight for a 5-year-old. The argument is that if our children are not tall enough or do not weigh enough, it is an indicator of national hunger. It is in these parameters that India scored poorly, hence the slippage in rank.The GHI report takes India's data from our own National Family Health Survey 2019-21. This in turn is prepared by the health and family welfare ministry, by surveying a sizable sample of over 61 lakh households. In this 700-plus page survey report also, there is data for India's child stunting and child wasting rates. It says 36% of Indian kids are stunted and 19% of the children are wasted. These are some of the highest values in the world. Plug these into the GHI criteria spreadsheet, India ranks low, behind even North Korea. We are a starving nation! In which country is the organisation Welthungerhilfe based?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Identify the most suitable title for the passage.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between 1 parts of the world. The name 'silk routes' points to the 2 of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and 3 Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and 4 almost till the fifteenth century. But Chinese pottery also ________5________the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

What is the apple of discord (subject of dispute) mentioned in the passage?

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति गद्यांश के नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के अनुसार कीजिए-
आप लोगों ने कभी शुद्ध हृदय से इस पर विचार किया है कि माता, मातृभूमि और ________ (1) का आप पर कुछ ऋण भी है या नहीं? एक जननी आपको जन्म देती है, एक की गोद में खेल-कूदकर और खा-पीकर आप पुष्ट होते हैं और एक आपको अपने भावों को प्रकट करने की ________ (2) दे, आपके सांसարिक जीवन को सुखमय बनाती है। जिसका आप पर इतना उपकार है, उसके लिए कुछ करना क्या आपका परम कर्तव्य नहीं है? प्यारे भाइयो ! उठो आलस्य छोड़ो, कमर कसो और अपनी मातृभाषा की सेवा में तत्पर हो जाओ, अपने को ________ (3) से मुक्त करो। संसार में ________ (4) कहलाओ और मातृसेवकों में अपनी कीर्ति छोड़ जाओ। परंतु ध्यान रहे, यह व्रत साधारण नहीं है। इस व्रत का पालन करना ________ (5) की धार पर चलने के समान है।

गद्यांश में संकेतित रिक्त स्थान (1) के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द होगा।

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

What is the passage based upon?

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति गद्यांश के नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के अनुसार कीजिए-
आप लोगों ने कभी शुद्ध हृदय से इस पर विचार किया है कि माता, मातृभूमि और ________ (1) का आप पर कुछ ऋण भी है या नहीं? एक जननी आपको जन्म देती है, एक की गोद में खेल-कूदकर और खा-पीकर आप पुष्ट होते हैं और एक आपको अपने भावों को प्रकट करने की ________ (2) दे, आपके सांसारिक जीवन को सुखमय बनाती है। जिसका आप पर इतना उपकार है, उसके लिए कुछ करना क्या आपका परम कर्तव्य नहीं है? प्यारे भाइयो ! उठो आलस्य छोड़ो, कमर कसो और अपनी मातृभाषा की सेवा में तत्पर हो जाओ, अपने को ________ (3) से मुक्त करो। संसार में ________ (4) कहलाओ और मातृसेवकों में अपनी कीर्ति छोड़ जाओ। परंतु ध्यान रहे, यह व्रत साधारण नहीं है। इस व्रत का पालन करना ________ (5) की धार पर चलने के समान है।

गद्यांश में संकेतित रिक्त स्थान (2) के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द होगा।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति गद्यांश के नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के अनुसार कीजिए-
आप लोगों ने कभी शुद्ध हृदय से इस पर विचार किया है कि माता, मातृभूमि और ________ (1) का आप पर कुछ ऋण भी है या नहीं? एक जननी आपको जन्म देती है, एक की गोद में खेल-कूदकर और खा-पीकर आप पुष्ट होते हैं और एक आपको अपने भावों को प्रकट करने की ________ (2) दे, आपके सांसारिक जीवन को सुखमय बनाती है। जिसका आप पर इतना उपकार है, उसके लिए कुछ करना क्या आपका परम कर्तव्य नहीं है? प्यारे भाइयो ! उठो आलस्य छोड़ो, कमर कसो और अपनी मातृभाषा की सेवा में तत्पर हो जाओ, अपने को ________ (3) से मुक्त करो। संसार में ________ (4) कहलाओ और मातृसेवकों में अपनी कीर्ति छोड़ जाओ। परंतु ध्यान रहे, यह व्रत साधारण नहीं है। इस व्रत का पालन करना ________ (5) की धार पर चलने के समान है।

गद्यांश में संकेतित रिक्त स्थान (3) के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द होगा।

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between 1 parts of the world. The name 'silk routes' points to the 2 of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and 3 Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and 4 almost till the fifteenth century. But Chinese pottery also ________5________the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

Indian rivers play an integral part in enriching the value and heavenly beauty of India. They are our greatest natural assets. There are hundreds of them watering our land and making it green and fertile; they even flow as natural highways linking the towns with the villages. The most eye-catching variety of these rivers is that there are navigable rivers, especially in Bengal and Kerala. Even raging torrents which leap from the mountains down to the deep gorges. Some huge rivers sometimes burst their banks and flood the countryside. And in tribute to their strength and beauty, we have always held them sacred. To love India is to love her rivers, big and small.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
I found it __________ that some people hate rivers.

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति गद्यांश के नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के अनुसार कीजिए-
आप लोगों ने कभी शुद्ध हृदय से इस पर विचार किया है कि माता, मातृभूमि और ________ (1) का आप पर कुछ ऋण भी है या नहीं? एक जननी आपको जन्म देती है, एक की गोद में खेल-कूदकर और खा-पीकर आप पुष्ट होते हैं और एक आपको अपने भावों को प्रकट करने की ________ (2) दे, आपके सांसारिक जीवन को सुखमय बनाती है। जिसका आप पर इतना उपकार है, उसके लिए कुछ करना क्या आपका परम कर्तव्य नहीं है? प्यारे भाइयो ! उठो आलस्य छोड़ो, कमर कसो और अपनी मातृभाषा की सेवा में तत्पर हो जाओ, अपने को ________ (3) से मुक्त करो। संसार में ________ (4) कहलाओ और मातृसेवकों में अपनी कीर्ति छोड़ जाओ। परंतु ध्यान रहे, यह व्रत साधारण नहीं है। इस व्रत का पालन करना ________ (5) की धार पर चलने के समान है।

गद्यांश में संकेतित रिक्त स्थान (4) के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द होगा।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति गद्यांश के नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के अनुसार कीजिए-
आप लोगों ने कभी शुद्ध हृदय से इस पर विचार किया है कि माता, मातृभूमि और ________ (1) का आप पर कुछ ऋण भी है या नहीं? एक जननी आपको जन्म देती है, एक की गोद में खेल-कूदकर और खा-पीकर आप पुष्ट होते हैं और एक आपको अपने भावों को प्रकट करने की ________ (2) दे, आपके सांसारिक जीवन को सुखमय बनाती है। जिसका आप पर इतना उपकार है, उसके लिए कुछ करना क्या आपका परम कर्तव्य नहीं है? प्यारे भाइयो ! उठो आलस्य छोड़ो, कमर कसो और अपनी मातृभाषा की सेवा में तत्पर हो जाओ, अपने को ________ (3) से मुक्त करो। संसार में ________ (4) कहलाओ और मातृसेवकों में अपनी कीर्ति छोड़ जाओ। परंतु ध्यान रहे, यह व्रत साधारण नहीं है। इस व्रत का पालन करना ________ (5) की धार पर चलने के समान है।

गद्यांश में संकेतित रिक्त स्थान (5) के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द होगा।

Indian rivers play an integral part in enriching the value and heavenly beauty of India. They are our greatest natural assets. There are hundreds of them watering our land and making it green and fertile; they even flow as natural highways linking the towns with the villages. The most eye-catching variety of these rivers is that there are navigable rivers, especially in Bengal and Kerala. Even raging torrents which leap from the mountains down to the deep gorges. Some huge rivers sometimes burst their banks and flood the countryside. And in tribute to their strength and beauty, we have always held them sacred. To love India is to love her rivers, big and small.
What are the two words highlighted in the passage that describe the vital role of rivers in the development of the agriculture sector?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Once the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to (1) ________ the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. The lethal war with Kalinga transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka into a stable and peaceful emperor, and he became a (2) ________ of Buddhism. According to the prominent Indologist, AL Basham, the 'Dharma' officially propagated by Ashoka was not Buddhism at all. Nevertheless, his patronage led to the (3) ________ of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and other kingdoms during his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE. After the Kalinga War and Ashoka's conversion, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security. Mauryan India also enjoyed an era of social harmony, religious (4) ________ and expansion of the sciences and of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism has been said to have been the (5) ________ of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

What would be the most appropriate title for the given stanza beginning with "लक्ष्मी थी या दुर्गा थी वह स्वयं वीरता की अवतार..."?

In which year did the Hindi language receive official constitutional recognition in India?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Once the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to (1) ________ the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. The lethal war with Kalinga transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka into a stable and peaceful emperor, and he became a (2) ________ of Buddhism. According to the prominent Indologist, AL Basham, the 'Dharma' officially propagated by Ashoka was not Buddhism at all. Nevertheless, his patronage led to the (3) ________ of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and other kingdoms during his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE. After the Kalinga War and Ashoka's conversion, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security. Mauryan India also enjoyed an era of social harmony, religious (4) ________ and expansion of the sciences and of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism has been said to have been the (5) ________ of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Maybe you're bored of bananas, apples and grapes and need a fresh produce pick. A nutrient-rich serving of kiwi fruit may be just what you need. A serving of kiwi fruit (2 kiwis) has twice the vitamin C of an orange, as much potassium as a banana and the fibre of a bowl of whole grain cereal-all for less than 100 calories! The fuzzy fruit is sky-high in both soluble and insoluble fibre, both of which are essential for promoting heart health, regulating digestion, and lowering cholesterol levels-that's a winning trifecta. Kiwi fruit has also been considered a 'nutritional all-star', as Rutgers University researchers found that kiwi fruit has the best nutrient density of 21 commonly consumed fruits.
Along with vitamin C, kiwi fruits are rich in many bioactive compounds that have antioxidant capacity to help to protect against free radicals, harmful by-products produced in the body. If you want clean energy, think of kiwi fruit because they're rich in magnesium, a nutrient essential to convert food into energy.

A kiwi fruit also doubles as a peeper-keeper by supplying your eyes with protective lutein, a carotenoid that's concentrated in eye tissues and helps protect against harmful free radicals. Kiwi fruit is also packed with blood pressure-lowering potassium. In fact, a 100-gram serving of kiwi fruit-that's about one large kiwi-provides 15% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of potassium.

Kiwi fruit has been growing in New Zealand for over 100 years. Once the fruit gained in popularity, other countries started to grow them including Italy, France, Chile, Japan, South Korea and Spain. At first, kiwis were referred to as 'Yang Tao' or 'Chinese Gooseberry', but the name was ultimately changed to kiwi fruit so that everyone would know where the fruit came from.

A ripe kiwi fruit will be plump and smooth-skinned, and free of wrinkles, bruise, and punctures. If you find that your kiwi is a little too firm after buying it, simply let it ripen at room temperature for three to five days. The firmer the fruit, the more tart it will taste. To speed up the ripening process, you can also place kiwis in a paper bag with an apple or banana. The kiwi will ripen in a day! If you want to store the fruit longer, you should keep it in a plastic bag in the refrigerator.

What has been referred to as a triple achievement (winning trifecta) of the kiwi fruit?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between 1 parts of the world. The name 'silk routes' points to the 2 of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and 3 Asia with Europe and northern Africa. They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and 4 almost till the fifteenth century. But Chinese pottery also ________5________the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Indian rivers play an integral part in enriching the value and heavenly beauty of India. They are our greatest natural assets. There are hundreds of them watering our land and making it green and fertile; they even flow as natural highways linking the towns with the villages. The most eye-catching variety of these rivers is that there are navigable rivers, especially in Bengal and Kerala. Even raging torrents which leap from the mountains down to the deep gorges. Some huge rivers sometimes burst their banks and flood the countryside. And in tribute to their strength and beauty, we have always held them sacred. To love India is to love her rivers, big and small.
Why are the rivers called natural highways?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Once the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to (1) ________ the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. The lethal war with Kalinga transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka into a stable and peaceful emperor, and he became a (2) ________ of Buddhism. According to the prominent Indologist, AL Basham, the 'Dharma' officially propagated by Ashoka was not Buddhism at all. Nevertheless, his patronage led to the (3) ________ of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and other kingdoms during his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE. After the Kalinga War and Ashoka's conversion, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security. Mauryan India also enjoyed an era of social harmony, religious (4) ________ and expansion of the sciences and of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism has been said to have been the (5) ________ of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Once the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to (1) ________ the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. The lethal war with Kalinga transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka into a stable and peaceful emperor, and he became a (2) ________ of Buddhism. According to the prominent Indologist, AL Basham, the 'Dharma' officially propagated by Ashoka was not Buddhism at all. Nevertheless, his patronage led to the (3) ________ of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and other kingdoms during his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE. After the Kalinga War and Ashoka's conversion, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security. Mauryan India also enjoyed an era of social harmony, religious (4) ________ and expansion of the sciences and of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism has been said to have been the (5) ________ of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

Indian rivers play an integral part in enriching the value and heavenly beauty of India. They are our greatest natural assets. There are hundreds of them watering our land and making it green and fertile; they even flow as natural highways linking the towns with the villages. The most eye-catching variety of these rivers is that there are navigable rivers, especially in Bengal and Kerala. Even raging torrents which leap from the mountains down to the deep gorges. Some huge rivers sometimes burst their banks and flood the countryside. And in tribute to their strength and beauty, we have always held them sacred. To love India is to love her rivers, big and small.
What are the characteristics of rivers in India?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Once the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to (1) ________ the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. The lethal war with Kalinga transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka into a stable and peaceful emperor, and he became a (2) ________ of Buddhism. According to the prominent Indologist, AL Basham, the 'Dharma' officially propagated by Ashoka was not Buddhism at all. Nevertheless, his patronage led to the (3) ________ of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and other kingdoms during his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE. After the Kalinga War and Ashoka's conversion, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security. Mauryan India also enjoyed an era of social harmony, religious (4) ________ and expansion of the sciences and of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism has been said to have been the (5) ________ of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Gutenberg Bible, also called 42-line Bible was the first complete book extant in the West and one of the earliest printed from movable type, so called after its printer, Johannes Gutenberg. Gutenbarg completed it in 1455 while working at Mainz, Germany. The three-volume work, in Latin text, was printed in 42-line columns and, in its later stages of production, was worked on by six compositors simultaneously. It is sometimes referred to as the Mazarin Bible because the first copy described by bibliographers was located in the Paris library of Cardinal Mazarin. The Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests' Zen Teachings (1377), also known as Jikji, was printed in Korea 78 years before the Gutenberg Bible and is recognized as the world's oldest extant movable metal type book.
Like other contemporary works, the Gutenberg Bible had no title page, no page numbers, and no innovations to distinguish it from the work of a manuscript copyist. This was presumably the desire of both Gutenberg and his customers. Experts are generally agreed that the Bible, though uneconomic in its use of space, displays a technical efficiency not substantially improved upon before the 19th century. The Gothic type is majestic in appearance, medieval in feeling, and slightly less compressed and less pointed than other examples that appeared shortly thereafter.
The original number of copies of this work is unknown; some 40 are still in existence. There are perfect vellum copies kept in the U.S. Library of Congress, the French Bibliothèque Nationale, and the British Library. In the United States almost complete texts are preserved in the Huntington, Morgan, New York Public, Harvard University, and Yale University libraries.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
The Mazarin Bible derived its name from the ________.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
Once, an old farmer named John lived in a village. Despite the arrival of young farmers with modern techniques, John stuck to traditional methods, believing in hard work and patience.One day, a group of young farmers came to the village and started using modern farming techniques and equipment. They boasted about their high yields and profits, and many of the villagers were impressed. Over time, the young farmers struggled while John's farm thrived, showcasing healthy crops and well-cared-for animals. Recognising his wisdom, the villagers sought John's guidance, and he became a respected elder. He taught them the importance of respecting nature, working with it, and embodying values like perseverance and hard work. John's farm became a model for sustainable and ethical practices, leaving a lasting legacy. He was remembered as a wise and humble man who dedicated his life to the land and community.

Why did John remain steadfast in his traditional farming methods?

Indian rivers play an integral part in enriching the value and heavenly beauty of India. They are our greatest natural assets. There are hundreds of them watering our land and making it green and fertile; they even flow as natural highways linking the towns with the villages. The most eye-catching variety of these rivers is that there are navigable rivers, especially in Bengal and Kerala. Even raging torrents which leap from the mountains down to the deep gorges. Some huge rivers sometimes burst their banks and flood the countryside. And in tribute to their strength and beauty, we have always held them sacred. To love India is to love her rivers, big and small.
Select the most appropriate word from the passage to fill in the blank.
Why do Indians hold their rivers __________?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Simultaneously

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Identify an appropriate title for the given passage from the following options.

Direction: Read the passage and answer the questions.Swami spread his bed under the bench in his father’s office. It seemed to be a much safer place and more reassuring. But he was racked with nightmares in his sleep. A tiger was at his back and he could hear it scratch its claws on the ground.... Swami opened his eyes and put his hand out to feel his granny’s presence at his side, as was his habit. But today, he felt the wooden leg of the bench next to himself. His lonely state came back to him and he sweated with fright. And now what was this rustling? He moved to the edge of the bench and stared into the darkness. Something was surely moving. He lay gazing at it in horror. He thought that the devil had come to tear him to pieces. As the sound came closer, Swami crawled from under the bench and held it with all his might. He used his teeth on it like a mortal weapon.... “Aiyo! Something has bitten me,” went forth a painful cry, following by a heavy tumbling and falling amidst furniture. In a moment father, mother and a servant came in carrying light. And, all three of them fell on the burglar who lay on the ground with a bleeding ankle.... Congratulations were showered on Swami the next day at school. His classmates looked at him with respect and his teachers patted his back. Swami had bitten into the flesh of the most notorious house breaker of the district and the police were grateful to him for it. What did Swami do to the intruder?

Sheena was an intelligent girl living in a small town of north India. She wanted to become a doctor, but her family's financial condition was not good. To pursue her dreams, she had to find out a way. She decided to work after school. She joined a restaurant where she would work till midnight. She started saving money for her education. But the salary was not enough to bear the expenses of medical studies. When her father came to know about her aspirations, he decided to sell his ancestral property without letting Sheena know about it. After completing her 12th, Sheena appeared for the joint medical entrance test and secured a 3rd all India ranking. She got admission in a government medical college.
Select a suitable title for the given passage.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Where was the first printed book published?

The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk at an organisation. After such events the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten corners. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organisation.
In an increasingly environment conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
What do you give to people — friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, gift planners who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events—are doing increasingly good business.
However, the best planned gifts of mine and thine often go awry. How often particularly during the so called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realising that it was you who had gifted it to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. Diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that India has presented to the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorised quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalised, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree and one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree

'Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave?' What does the word 'another' signify here?

Direction: Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
A sparrow is a small bird which is found throughout the world. There are many different species of sparrows. Sparrows are only about four to six inches in length. Many people appreciate their beautiful song. Sparrows prefer to build their nests in low places, usually on the ground, clumps of grass, low trees and low bushes. In cities they build their nests in building nooks or holes. They rarely build their nests in high places. They build their nests out of twigs, grasses and plant fibres. Their nests are usually small and well-built structures. Female sparrows lay four to six eggs at a time. The eggs are with reddish brown spots. They hatch between eleven to fourteen days. Both the male and female parents care for the young. Insects are fed to the young after hatching. The large feet of the sparrows are used for scratching seeds. Adult sparrows mainly eat seeds. Sparrows can be found almost everywhere, where there are humans. Many people throughout the world enjoy these delightful birds.

The sparrows are some of the few birds that engage in dust bathing. Sparrows first scratch a hole in the ground with their feet, then lie in it and fling dirt or sand over their bodies with flicks of their wings. They also bathe in water, or in dry or melting snow. Water bathing is similar to dust bathing, with the sparrow standing in shallow water and flicking water over its back with its wings, also ducking its head under the water. Both activities are social, with up to a hundred birds participating at once, and is followed by preening and sometimes group singing.

What is the tone of the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

What is Jikji?

Maybe you're bored of bananas, apples and grapes and need a fresh produce pick. A nutrient-rich serving of kiwi fruit may be just what you need. A serving of kiwi fruit (2 kiwis) has twice the vitamin C of an orange, as much potassium as a banana and the fibre of a bowl of whole grain cereal-all for less than 100 calories! The fuzzy fruit is sky-high in both soluble and insoluble fibre, both of which are essential for promoting heart health, regulating digestion, and lowering cholesterol levels-that's a winning trifecta. Kiwi fruit has also been considered a 'nutritional all-star', as Rutgers University researchers found that kiwi fruit has the best nutrient density of 21 commonly consumed fruits.
Along with vitamin C, kiwi fruits are rich in many bioactive compounds that have antioxidant capacity to help to protect against free radicals, harmful by-products produced in the body. If you want clean energy, think of kiwi fruit because they're rich in magnesium, a nutrient essential to convert food into energy.

A kiwi fruit also doubles as a peeper-keeper by supplying your eyes with protective lutein, a carotenoid that's concentrated in eye tissues and helps protect against harmful free radicals. Kiwi fruit is also packed with blood pressure-lowering potassium. In fact, a 100-gram serving of kiwi fruit-that's about one large kiwi-provides 15% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of potassium.

Kiwi fruit has been growing in New Zealand for over 100 years. Once the fruit gained in popularity, other countries started to grow them including Italy, France, Chile, Japan, South Korea and Spain. At first, kiwis were referred to as 'Yang Tao' or 'Chinese Gooseberry', but the name was ultimately changed to kiwi fruit so that everyone would know where the fruit came from.

A ripe kiwi fruit will be plump and smooth-skinned, and free of wrinkles, bruise, and punctures. If you find that your kiwi is a little too firm after buying it, simply let it ripen at room temperature for three to five days. The firmer the fruit, the more tart it will taste. To speed up the ripening process, you can also place kiwis in a paper bag with an apple or banana. The kiwi will ripen in a day! If you want to store the fruit longer, you should keep it in a plastic bag in the refrigerator.

Which of these is the quickest way to ripen a kiwi?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
Once, an old farmer named John lived in a village. Despite the arrival of young farmers with modern techniques, John stuck to traditional methods, believing in hard work and patience.One day, a group of young farmers came to the village and started using modern farming techniques and equipment. They boasted about their high yields and profits, and many of the villagers were impressed. Over time, the young farmers struggled while John's farm thrived, showcasing healthy crops and well-cared-for animals. Recognising his wisdom, the villagers sought John's guidance, and he became a respected elder. He taught them the importance of respecting nature, working with it, and embodying values like perseverance and hard work. John's farm became a model for sustainable and ethical practices, leaving a lasting legacy. He was remembered as a wise and humble man who dedicated his life to the land and community.

What can we infer about John's character from the story?

Sheena was an intelligent girl living in a small town of north India. She wanted to become a doctor, but her family's financial condition was not good. To pursue her dreams, she had to find out a way. She decided to work after school. She joined a restaurant where she would work till midnight. She started saving money for her education. But the salary was not enough to bear the expenses of medical studies. When her father came to know about her aspirations, he decided to sell his ancestral property without letting Sheena know about it. After completing her 12th, Sheena appeared for the joint medical entrance test and secured a 3rd all India ranking. She got admission in a government medical college.
What is the most appropriate connection to real-life situations?

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Sustainability is ____ (1) ____ longer just a buzzword. It ____ (2) ____ a necessity and the primary agenda of the world today. Like many other countries, India too is witnessing a growth of ____ (3)____ green economy. It ____ (4)____ estimated that India's renewable energy target will create more than 3.4 million new job opportunities ____ (5)____ 2030. In fact, a recent survey stated that a Sustainability Manager is going to be one of the top 10 jobs this decade.

In the context of the passage, select the most appropriate option to fill in blank (1)

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Sustainability is ____ (1) ____ longer just a buzzword. It ____ (2) ____ a necessity and the primary agenda of the world today. Like many other countries, India too is witnessing a growth of ____ (3)____ green economy. It ____ (4)____ estimated that India's renewable energy target will create more than 3.4 million new job opportunities ____ (5)____ 2030. In fact, a recent survey stated that a Sustainability Manager is going to be one of the top 10 jobs this decade.

In the context of the passage, select the most appropriate option to fill in blank (2).

Sheena was an intelligent girl living in a small town of north India. She wanted to become a doctor, but her family's financial condition was not good. To pursue her dreams, she had to find out a way. She decided to work after school. She joined a restaurant where she would work till midnight. She started saving money for her education. But the salary was not enough to bear the expenses of medical studies. When her father came to know about her aspirations, he decided to sell his ancestral property without letting Sheena know about it. After completing her 12th, Sheena appeared for the joint medical entrance test and secured a 3rd all India ranking. She got admission in a government medical college.
Which rank did Sheena secure in the joint medical entrance test?

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Sustainability is ____ (1) ____ longer just a buzzword. It ____ (2) ____ a necessity and the primary agenda of the world today. Like many other countries, India too is witnessing a growth of ____ (3)____ green economy. It ____ (4)____ estimated that India's renewable energy target will create more than 3.4 million new job opportunities ____ (5)____ 2030. In fact, a recent survey stated that a Sustainability Manager is going to be one of the top 10 jobs this decade.

In the context of the passage, select the most appropriate option to fill in blank (3).

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Sustainability is ____ (1) ____ longer just a buzzword. It ____ (2) ____ a necessity and the primary agenda of the world today. Like many other countries, India too is witnessing a growth of ____ (3)____ green economy. It ____ (4)____ estimated that India's renewable energy target will create more than 3.4 million new job opportunities ____ (5)____ 2030. In fact, a recent survey stated that a Sustainability Manager is going to be one of the top 10 jobs this decade.

In the context of the passage, select the most appropriate option to fill in blank (4).

Directions (Q.58 to 60): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow based on it.
Nature is the foundation of our life. Trees provide us with pure air, shade, and fruits. Rivers and lakes provide us with water. Mountains regulate the weather. However, today humans are harming nature due to their selfish nature. Indiscriminate deforestation, factory smoke, and the use of plastic are polluting the environment. As a result, problems like climate change, floods, and droughts are emerging. To protect the environment, we must plant more and more trees, reduce the use of plastic, and focus on water conservation. If we do not wake up now, future generations will have to face a severe crisis. It is the duty of all of us to protect nature.

According to the passage, what is mentioned as the main cause of environmental pollution?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
Once, an old farmer named John lived in a village. Despite the arrival of young farmers with modern techniques, John stuck to traditional methods, believing in hard work and patience.One day, a group of young farmers came to the village and started using modern farming techniques and equipment. They boasted about their high yields and profits, and many of the villagers were impressed. Over time, the young farmers struggled while John's farm thrived, showcasing healthy crops and well-cared-for animals. Recognising his wisdom, the villagers sought John's guidance, and he became a respected elder. He taught them the importance of respecting nature, working with it, and embodying values like perseverance and hard work. John's farm became a model for sustainable and ethical practices, leaving a lasting legacy. He was remembered as a wise and humble man who dedicated his life to the land and community.

What was the name of the old farmer in the story?

Sheena was an intelligent girl living in a small town of north India. She wanted to become a doctor, but her family's financial condition was not good. To pursue her dreams, she had to find out a way. She decided to work after school. She joined a restaurant where she would work till midnight. She started saving money for her education. But the salary was not enough to bear the expenses of medical studies. When her father came to know about her aspirations, he decided to sell his ancestral property without letting Sheena know about it. After completing her 12th, Sheena appeared for the joint medical entrance test and secured a 3rd all India ranking. She got admission in a government medical college.
Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the bracketed word segment.
Sheena's father decided to support her aspirations by selling his (ancestral property).

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Sustainability is ____ (1) ____ longer just a buzzword. It ____ (2) ____ a necessity and the primary agenda of the world today. Like many other countries, India too is witnessing a growth of ____ (3)____ green economy. It ____ (4)____ estimated that India's renewable energy target will create more than 3.4 million new job opportunities ____ (5)____ 2030. In fact, a recent survey stated that a Sustainability Manager is going to be one of the top 10 jobs this decade.

In the context of the passage, select the most appropriate option to fill in blank (5).

Directions (Q.58 to 60): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow based on it.
Nature is the foundation of our life. Trees provide us with pure air, shade, and fruits. Rivers and lakes provide us with water. Mountains regulate the weather. However, today humans are harming nature due to their selfish nature. Indiscriminate deforestation, factory smoke, and the use of plastic are polluting the environment. As a result, problems like climate change, floods, and droughts are emerging. To protect the environment, we must plant more and more trees, reduce the use of plastic, and focus on water conservation. If we do not wake up now, future generations will have to face a severe crisis. It is the duty of all of us to protect nature.

According to the passage, what do trees provide us?

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Which of the following represents the structure of the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

The above passage is:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Every minute, the equivalent of one garbage truck’s worth of plastic is dumped into our ocean. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Approximately 7 billion of the 9.2 billion metric tonnes of plastic produced from 1950-2017 became plastic waste, ending up in landfills or being dumped. Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.
UNEP’s body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The environmental, social, economic and health risks of plastics need to be assessed alongside other environmental stressors, like climate change, ecosystem degradation and resource use.

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Alter

Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Homeschooling, an alternative approach to education, is a way of learning outside the defined parameters of school education. It puts the parents/guardians in charge of their child's all-round development. What and how to teach is determined by the parents who might not follow the curriculum of any education board. Parents either choose not to enrol their children in schools or-as is most prevalent in India-when a school's approach doesn't align with a child's needs, they pull their children out of school.
While there are no estimates of the number of homeschooled children in India, the cities of Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad seem to have most of the homeschooling communities.
In India, the concept initially catered to specially-abled children who needed more parental support. But with the rise of concerns over a stringent education system, some parents started experimenting with the approach. Other reasons include concerns about bullying, child abuse, inefficient teaching practices and children wanting to build careers outside of academics.
"Ever since I was a child, like many other parents today, I have always questioned traditional schooling. But back then people didn't pay heed to my concerns. The questions resurged when I had children; they were curious about the world around them, and we noticed that even after enrolling them in the best of schools, their emotional intelligence wasn't being acknowledged," says Sharadha Gerg (36), who has been homeschooling her two daughters since 2015. She soon realized that they wanted to be in charge of their own learning. Like many other parents, she felt that pulling them out of school and giving them an all-round education through home schooling, was the ideal way for them to grow and learn.

Fill in the blank with the correct option.
Parents are opting for homeschooling because it _________.

Directions: Read the passage given in Q.20 and answer the question.
Which Indian language has the highest probability of becoming a global language?

[The same passage from Q.41 applies here] Select the most appropriate synonym of the word epidemic stated in para 2 of the given passage.

Directions: Read the passage given in Q.20 and answer the question.
In which year was the Hindi language granted recognition in the Indian Constitution?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Dhamaal is a mix of Sufi and African (mostly East African) musical and dance traditions. It refers particularly to the spiritual practices of the Siddis of Gujarat. The Siddis begin almost every Dhamaal song by blowing into a conch shell. This is often followed by the slow playing of East African percussion instruments like the musindo and the slow thumping of feet that marks the onset of the singing and dancing Dhamaals. The ritual of foot thumping is a crucial part of spiritual East African dance and musical traditions. The Siddis are followers of Islam and arrived in India from Muslim communities in East and Central Africa. Dhamaals are performed in memory of their spiritual leaders, among them Bava Gor, Mai Misra, Baba Habash and Sidi Nabi Sultan. According to Siddi folklore they arrived from Ethiopia through the Nubian Valley, Syria and the Indian Ocean to the coast of Kuda in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Usually, Dhamaal songs and dances are performed to celebrate the anniversary of the birth and death of spiritual leaders. They are performed in two ways - Dance Dhamaal and Baithaaki Dhamaal. The Baithaaki Dhamaal is performed in the sitting position and the Dance Dhamaal is performed in both sitting and dance positions. During the performance of Baithaaki Dhamaal the focus is more on the lyrics and less on the musical instruments. During Dance Dhamaal the focus is more on the sounds of the instruments. These are often played in a frenzied manner and accompanied by frenzied dance movements. The spiritual songs that are sung during the Dhamaals are known as zikrs.

What is played in a Dhamaal song after blowing into a conch shell?

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Bottled water demonstrates how much humans (1) ______ nature, reflecting the tremendous value they place on it. On the other hand, bottled water indicates (2) ______ for nature's complexities, displaying the irony that may lead to the mutual annihilation of humanity and the (3) ______. The finest example is the (4) ______ of bottled water, which is the commercialisation of natural resources. Holding bottled water, it is clear to see a gorgeous image of a lake and a small (5) ______ of blue and green plastic around its neck.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

[The same passage from Q.41 applies here] Select the most appropriate synonym of the word marathon stated in para 6 of the given passage.

Sheena was an intelligent girl living in a small town of north India. She wanted to become a doctor, but her family's financial condition was not good. To pursue her dreams, she had to find out a way. She decided to work after school. She joined a restaurant where she would work till midnight. She started saving money for her education. But the salary was not enough to bear the expenses of medical studies. When her father came to know about her aspirations, he decided to sell his ancestral property without letting Sheena know about it. After completing her 12th, Sheena appeared for the joint medical entrance test and secured a 3rd all India ranking. She got admission in a government medical college.
What is the message one gets from this story?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Dhamaal is a mix of Sufi and African (mostly East African) musical and dance traditions. It refers particularly to the spiritual practices of the Siddis of Gujarat. The Siddis begin almost every Dhamaal song by blowing into a conch shell. This is often followed by the slow playing of East African percussion instruments like the musindo and the slow thumping of feet that marks the onset of the singing and dancing Dhamaals. The ritual of foot thumping is a crucial part of spiritual East African dance and musical traditions. The Siddis are followers of Islam and arrived in India from Muslim communities in East and Central Africa. Dhamaals are performed in memory of their spiritual leaders, among them Bava Gor, Mai Misra, Baba Habash and Sidi Nabi Sultan. According to Siddi folklore they arrived from Ethiopia through the Nubian Valley, Syria and the Indian Ocean to the coast of Kuda in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Usually, Dhamaal songs and dances are performed to celebrate the anniversary of the birth and death of spiritual leaders. They are performed in two ways - Dance Dhamaal and Baithaaki Dhamaal. The Baithaaki Dhamaal is performed in the sitting position and the Dance Dhamaal is performed in both sitting and dance positions. During the performance of Baithaaki Dhamaal the focus is more on the lyrics and less on the musical instruments. During Dance Dhamaal the focus is more on the sounds of the instruments. These are often played in a frenzied manner and accompanied by frenzied dance movements. The spiritual songs that are sung during the Dhamaals are known as zikrs.

Select the most suitable word from the passage which means 'excited'.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Virtual learning refers to an environment where students study a digital-based curriculum taught by instructors that lecture online via video or audio. This instruction can take place either in a self-paced (asynchronous) environment or in a real-time (synchronous) environment. There are many reasons why people choose virtual learning over instruction in a traditional classroom. For example, the flexibility of virtual learning makes it an appropriate choice for full-time workers who would like to continue their education or cannot attend in-person classes.

The virtual learning environment is also a good choice for people who enjoy self-learning. Some virtual learning options have classes to attend at scheduled times, while others allow you to learn at your own pace. With this self-paced option, you have a lot of autonomy with the intensity and overall cadence of your learning while still enjoying the benefits of guided lessons.

Virtual learning gives students access to coursework from anywhere, at any time, making learning super convenient. Asynchronous classes also give an immense amount of flexibility for lectures and studying. Even with the flexibility of the course, online courses are associated with higher retention rates and graduation rates. A study conducted by Arizona State University found that students taking virtual classes benefit from increased access and cost savings of as much as 50 percent.

What is the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word 'autonomy' from the passage?

Indeed, the path she had chosen was full of difficulties. It was almost an unimaginable thing in those days for a woman of means to live a life of independence, but the particular profession for which Florence had trained herself was a disreputable one. Thus, nurses in those days were noted for their immoral conduct. They could hardly be trusted to carry out the simple medical duties. No wonder, therefore, that Florence's parents did not like that their daughter should take up the profession. Florence, however, did not see eye to eye with them. She felt wretched. Her sadness increased.
Select the option that gives the closest meaning of the following phrase:
"A WOMAN OF MEANS"

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[Same Passage as Above]

Which of the following options represent the structure of the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Dhamaal is a mix of Sufi and African (mostly East African) musical and dance traditions. It refers particularly to the spiritual practices of the Siddis of Gujarat. The Siddis begin almost every Dhamaal song by blowing into a conch shell. This is often followed by the slow playing of East African percussion instruments like the musindo and the slow thumping of feet that marks the onset of the singing and dancing Dhamaals. The ritual of foot thumping is a crucial part of spiritual East African dance and musical traditions. The Siddis are followers of Islam and arrived in India from Muslim communities in East and Central Africa. Dhamaals are performed in memory of their spiritual leaders, among them Bava Gor, Mai Misra, Baba Habash and Sidi Nabi Sultan. According to Siddi folklore they arrived from Ethiopia through the Nubian Valley, Syria and the Indian Ocean to the coast of Kuda in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Usually, Dhamaal songs and dances are performed to celebrate the anniversary of the birth and death of spiritual leaders. They are performed in two ways - Dance Dhamaal and Baithaaki Dhamaal. The Baithaaki Dhamaal is performed in the sitting position and the Dance Dhamaal is performed in both sitting and dance positions. During the performance of Baithaaki Dhamaal the focus is more on the lyrics and less on the musical instruments. During Dance Dhamaal the focus is more on the sounds of the instruments. These are often played in a frenzied manner and accompanied by frenzied dance movements. The spiritual songs that are sung during the Dhamaals are known as zikrs.

What is the tone of the speaker?

Maybe you're bored of bananas, apples and grapes and need a fresh produce pick. A nutrient-rich serving of kiwi fruit may be just what you need. A serving of kiwi fruit (2 kiwis) has twice the vitamin C of an orange, as much potassium as a banana and the fibre of a bowl of whole grain cereal-all for less than 100 calories! The fuzzy fruit is sky-high in both soluble and insoluble fibre, both of which are essential for promoting heart health, regulating digestion, and lowering cholesterol levels-that's a winning trifecta. Kiwi fruit has also been considered a 'nutritional all-star', as Rutgers University researchers found that kiwi fruit has the best nutrient density of 21 commonly consumed fruits.
Along with vitamin C, kiwi fruits are rich in many bioactive compounds that have antioxidant capacity to help to protect against free radicals, harmful by-products produced in the body. If you want clean energy, think of kiwi fruit because they're rich in magnesium, a nutrient essential to convert food into energy.

A kiwi fruit also doubles as a peeper-keeper by supplying your eyes with protective lutein, a carotenoid that's concentrated in eye tissues and helps protect against harmful free radicals. Kiwi fruit is also packed with blood pressure-lowering potassium. In fact, a 100-gram serving of kiwi fruit-that's about one large kiwi-provides 15% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of potassium.

Kiwi fruit has been growing in New Zealand for over 100 years. Once the fruit gained in popularity, other countries started to grow them including Italy, France, Chile, Japan, South Korea and Spain. At first, kiwis were referred to as 'Yang Tao' or 'Chinese Gooseberry', but the name was ultimately changed to kiwi fruit so that everyone would know where the fruit came from.

A ripe kiwi fruit will be plump and smooth-skinned, and free of wrinkles, bruise, and punctures. If you find that your kiwi is a little too firm after buying it, simply let it ripen at room temperature for three to five days. The firmer the fruit, the more tart it will taste. To speed up the ripening process, you can also place kiwis in a paper bag with an apple or banana. The kiwi will ripen in a day! If you want to store the fruit longer, you should keep it in a plastic bag in the refrigerator.

The word 'kiwi' suggests that the fruit comes from:

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
Once, an old farmer named John lived in a village. Despite the arrival of young farmers with modern techniques, John stuck to traditional methods, believing in hard work and patience.One day, a group of young farmers came to the village and started using modern farming techniques and equipment. They boasted about their high yields and profits, and many of the villagers were impressed. Over time, the young farmers struggled while John's farm thrived, showcasing healthy crops and well-cared-for animals. Recognising his wisdom, the villagers sought John's guidance, and he became a respected elder. He taught them the importance of respecting nature, working with it, and embodying values like perseverance and hard work. John's farm became a model for sustainable and ethical practices, leaving a lasting legacy. He was remembered as a wise and humble man who dedicated his life to the land and community.

What did the young farmers do when they came to the village?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. It is a phenomenon that has been caused by human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. This has led to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and can be felt in many different ways.
One of the most significant impacts of climate change is the rise in global temperatures. The average temperature of the Earth's surface has increased by 1.1 degrees Celsius since the pre-industrial era, and this rise is expected to continue in the coming years. This increase in temperature is causing a range of changes in the Earth's climate, including more frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts, and floods.
Another consequence of climate change is the loss of biodiversity. As temperatures rise and weather patterns change, many species of plants and animals are struggling to adapt. This is leading to a decline in biodiversity, which is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
Climate change is also having a significant impact on human societies. Rising sea levels, for example, are putting millions of people at risk of flooding and displacement. In addition, changes in weather patterns are leading to crop failures and food shortages, particularly in developing countries where many people rely on subsistence agriculture.
To address the issue of climate change, there needs to be a concerted effort at the global level. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the changes that are already taking place.
One of the most important steps that can be taken is to transition to renewable energy sources. This means reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and investing in technologies such as wind, solar, and hydropower. Governments can incentivise the adoption of renewable energy by providing subsidies and tax breaks, while businesses can invest in new technologies and sustainable practices.
Individuals can also play a role in reducing their carbon footprint. This can be achieved by using public transport instead of driving, reducing meat consumption, and reducing energy consumption at home. Small changes in individual behaviour can add up to make a significant difference in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
In conclusion, climate change is a complex issue that requires a global response. The consequences of inaction are severe, and urgent action is needed to mitigate its impact. By working together, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect biodiversity, and create a more sustainable future for generations to come.

Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Dhamaal is a mix of Sufi and African (mostly East African) musical and dance traditions. It refers particularly to the spiritual practices of the Siddis of Gujarat. The Siddis begin almost every Dhamaal song by blowing into a conch shell. This is often followed by the slow playing of East African percussion instruments like the musindo and the slow thumping of feet that marks the onset of the singing and dancing Dhamaals. The ritual of foot thumping is a crucial part of spiritual East African dance and musical traditions. The Siddis are followers of Islam and arrived in India from Muslim communities in East and Central Africa. Dhamaals are performed in memory of their spiritual leaders, among them Bava Gor, Mai Misra, Baba Habash and Sidi Nabi Sultan. According to Siddi folklore they arrived from Ethiopia through the Nubian Valley, Syria and the Indian Ocean to the coast of Kuda in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Usually, Dhamaal songs and dances are performed to celebrate the anniversary of the birth and death of spiritual leaders. They are performed in two ways - Dance Dhamaal and Baithaaki Dhamaal. The Baithaaki Dhamaal is performed in the sitting position and the Dance Dhamaal is performed in both sitting and dance positions. During the performance of Baithaaki Dhamaal the focus is more on the lyrics and less on the musical instruments. During Dance Dhamaal the focus is more on the sounds of the instruments. These are often played in a frenzied manner and accompanied by frenzied dance movements. The spiritual songs that are sung during the Dhamaals are known as zikrs.

Who is NOT a spiritual leader of the Siddis?

[The same passage from Q.46 applies here] Identify the style in which the given passage has been written.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Dhamaal is a mix of Sufi and African (mostly East African) musical and dance traditions. It refers particularly to the spiritual practices of the Siddis of Gujarat. The Siddis begin almost every Dhamaal song by blowing into a conch shell. This is often followed by the slow playing of East African percussion instruments like the musindo and the slow thumping of feet that marks the onset of the singing and dancing Dhamaals. The ritual of foot thumping is a crucial part of spiritual East African dance and musical traditions. The Siddis are followers of Islam and arrived in India from Muslim communities in East and Central Africa. Dhamaals are performed in memory of their spiritual leaders, among them Bava Gor, Mai Misra, Baba Habash and Sidi Nabi Sultan. According to Siddi folklore they arrived from Ethiopia through the Nubian Valley, Syria and the Indian Ocean to the coast of Kuda in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Usually, Dhamaal songs and dances are performed to celebrate the anniversary of the birth and death of spiritual leaders. They are performed in two ways - Dance Dhamaal and Baithaaki Dhamaal. The Baithaaki Dhamaal is performed in the sitting position and the Dance Dhamaal is performed in both sitting and dance positions. During the performance of Baithaaki Dhamaal the focus is more on the lyrics and less on the musical instruments. During Dance Dhamaal the focus is more on the sounds of the instruments. These are often played in a frenzied manner and accompanied by frenzied dance movements. The spiritual songs that are sung during the Dhamaals are known as zikrs.

Identify the most suitable title for the passage.

Directions: Given below are four sentences that are jumbled. Pick the option that gives the correct order.
A. Sew the two rectangular pieces together all the way to make a double layer.
B. Finally, sew the elastic straps to the mask along the long edges.
C. Now make three evenly spaced pleats in the sewn rectangles.
D. In order to make a face mask, take 2 rectangular pieces of cotton fabric that measure about 7 inches by 9 inches.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow
Why does a person become overconfident? The reason lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes people over assess their competence and jump into situations that are beyond their control.
Napoleon Bonaparte who became Emperor of France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was common only amongst fools. The overconfident Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This proved to be a big disaster.
Overconfidence generally leads people into misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two factors – one’s personal planning and support from the external world. Overconfident people take into account only their planning, generally ignoring external factors. As a result they are unable to foresee future developments. Hence, there is a greater risk of failure.
Then there is the question: how can one manage overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before taking a decision discuss the matter with other informed people with an objective mind and when it is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”.
Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. People of this kind become very cautious; before taking an action they assess the whole situation. They adopt a realistic approach.
Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. They know themselves but they are unaware of others. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned.
There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and the old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well calculated, otherwise it becomes very dangerous.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[The passage is the same as provided in previous questions]

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of climate change, discussed in the passage?

Directions (Q.95 to Q.97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the question based on it.
India has made remarkable progress in the field of science and technology. In space science, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has created a special identity for itself in the world. The success of the Mangalyaan mission made India the fourth country to reach Mars. The success of Chandrayaan-3 brought the pride of becoming the first country to land on the south pole of the Moon. India has also achieved important milestones in nuclear energy, information technology, and biotechnology. Indian scientists amazed the world by developing indigenous vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Digital India campaign has brought a technological revolution to the country. Increasing the participation of youth in the field of science and technology is a vital need today.

According to the passage, what was the main achievement of Chandrayaan-3?

Directions (Q.95 to Q.97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the question based on it.
India has made remarkable progress in the field of science and technology. In space science, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has created a special identity for itself in the world. The success of the Mangalyaan mission made India the fourth country to reach Mars. The success of Chandrayaan-3 brought the pride of becoming the first country to land on the south pole of the Moon. India has also achieved important milestones in nuclear energy, information technology, and biotechnology. Indian scientists amazed the world by developing indigenous vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Digital India campaign has brought a technological revolution to the country. Increasing the participation of youth in the field of science and technology is a vital need today.

According to the passage, the Mangalyaan mission made India which country to reach Mars?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.
Once, an old farmer named John lived in a village. Despite the arrival of young farmers with modern techniques, John stuck to traditional methods, believing in hard work and patience.One day, a group of young farmers came to the village and started using modern farming techniques and equipment. They boasted about their high yields and profits, and many of the villagers were impressed. Over time, the young farmers struggled while John's farm thrived, showcasing healthy crops and well-cared-for animals. Recognising his wisdom, the villagers sought John's guidance, and he became a respected elder. He taught them the importance of respecting nature, working with it, and embodying values like perseverance and hard work. John's farm became a model for sustainable and ethical practices, leaving a lasting legacy. He was remembered as a wise and humble man who dedicated his life to the land and community.

What would be an appropriate title for this story?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[The passage is the same as provided in previous questions]

How can individuals contribute to reducing their carbon footprint?

Directions (Q.95 to Q.97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the question based on it.
India has made remarkable progress in the field of science and technology. In space science, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has created a special identity for itself in the world. The success of the Mangalyaan mission made India the fourth country to reach Mars. The success of Chandrayaan-3 brought the pride of becoming the first country to land on the south pole of the Moon. India has also achieved important milestones in nuclear energy, information technology, and biotechnology. Indian scientists amazed the world by developing indigenous vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Digital India campaign has brought a technological revolution to the country. Increasing the participation of youth in the field of science and technology is a vital need today.

According to the passage, what achievement did Indian scientists unlock during COVID-19?

The advancement of science has brought about profound changes in every aspect of our lives, from medical treatment to the way we communicate. The capacity of artificial intelligence, sometimes known as AI, to accomplish jobs that previously required human intellect has caused a revolution in a number of different sectors. The altering of organisms' genetic composition, which is made possible through genetic engineering, provides answers for issues relating to food security and renewable energy. Technologies that utilise renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, help to lower the emissions of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing has been radically altered with the introduction of 3D printing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled better resource management via the connection of previously disconnected ordinary products. Because of the tremendous effects these technologies have on society, their use must be carefully considered from an ethical standpoint.
Which of the following statements concerning the effects of scientific advancements may be derived from the passage?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
[The passage is the same as provided in previous questions]

What is one of the most important steps that can be taken to address climate change?

The advancement of science has brought about profound changes in every aspect of our lives, from medical treatment to the way we communicate. The capacity of artificial intelligence, sometimes known as AI, to accomplish jobs that previously required human intellect has caused a revolution in a number of different sectors. The altering of organisms' genetic composition, which is made possible through genetic engineering, provides answers for issues relating to food security and renewable energy. Technologies that utilise renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, help to lower the emissions of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing has been radically altered with the introduction of 3D printing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled better resource management via the connection of previously disconnected ordinary products. Because of the tremendous effects these technologies have on society, their use must be carefully considered from an ethical standpoint.
Which of the following best captures the underlying theme of the passage?